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Nonexercise activity thermogenesis – liberating the life‐force
Abstract
Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a protracted period of time. The energy expenditure associated with everyday activity is called NEAT (Nonexercise activity thermogenesis). NEAT varies between two people of similar size by 2000 kcal day −1 because of people’s different occupations and leisure‐time activities. Data support the central hypothesis that NEAT is pivotal in the regulation of human energy expenditure and body weight regulation and that NEAT is important for understanding the cause and effective treatment for obesity.
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“For example, differences in energy balance as little as in 71 kJ/day (17 kcal), which is approximately the energy utilized in standing for one hour, and only about 0.6% of daily total energy expenditure, could theoretically lead to a weight gain or loss of 1 kg/year 23,41–43.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“NEAT is energy burned by movement other than exercise, such as fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other activities of daily life, and has been found to play an important role in dissipating excess energy to preserve leanness in adult humans 43.”
From Cellular bioenergetics as a target for obesity therapy (2010) · cites this paper as [43]
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Yogi, S., Shirahata, T., Sato, H., Nishida, Y., Inoue, K., Niitsu, M., Akagami, T., Masaki, K., Nagata, M., Tanaka, S., et al. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.53019
“Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure of all physical activities other than volitional sporting-like exercise [5].”
BackgroundRelationship between Nonexercise Activity Thermogenesis and Calf Circumference in Older Women
Wachi, M., Jiroumaru, T., Suzuki, M., Noguchi, S., & Satonaka, A. (2024) · Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.4236/ojtr.2024.123016
Lyu, W., Tanaka, T., Son, B., Yoshizawa, Y., & Iijima, K. (2025) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus · doi:10.1016/j.aggp.2025.100188
Yamamoto, Y., Yamada, M., Terao, Y., Miyazawa, A., Kojima, I., Tanaka, S., Katsumata, K., Sato, K., Kita, R., Mimatsu, S., et al. (2025) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-025-00848-4
“Conversely, ‘standing with some walking,’ which was assigned an intensity of 3.5 METs in this study, is likely to be performed frequently during daily living referred to as “non-exercise activity thermogenesis” [42, 43].”
InfluentialCan you actually have a ‘slow’ or ‘fast’ metabolism?
O’Neill, H. M. (2026) · doi:10.64628/aa.4g7wyvvu4
Effect of Lifestyle Interventions on Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Franklin, B. A., Miller, W. M., & Brennan, M. R. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-87862-3.00017-3
Etude des anomalies du métabolisme énergétique associées au syndrome de Noonan
Branka, S. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b0d081a3z3492z4457za237zcabd6ccc0a76
“…processus physiopathologiques, des résultats très variables étant obtenus selon que les souris de laboratoire sont maintenues à température standard (21°C, soit en dessous de leur zone de thermoneutralité) ou à thermoneutralité ((Levine, 2007) ; (Garland et al., 2011) ; (Ganeshan et Chawla, 2017)).”
BackgroundGarnier, S. R., Ancelin, M., Loundou, A., & Donnet, A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10198014/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Levine, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Levine, J. A.
- ORCID
- Levine, J. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08-09
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 273-287
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W2113493782
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK050456, R01DK063226, DK50456, R01DK066270, DK 63226, DK 66270, DK-56650, R01DK056650)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 0585, M01RR000585)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- energy expenditure, obesity, body weight regulation, daily physical activity, occupational activity, leisure-time activities, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Environment Design, Humans, Life Style, Models, Biological, Obesity, Exercise, Thermogenesis
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