Cited by 92Estrogen and related hormone effectsMitochondrial Function and PathologyAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Selective Oestrogen Receptor Modulators Differentially Potentiate Brain Mitochondrial Function

Open access
Irwin, R. W., Yao, J., To, J., Hamilton, R. T., Cadenas, E., Brinton, R. D.·2012·Journal of Neuroendocrinology

Abstract

The mitochondrial energy‐transducing capacity of the brain is important for long‐term neurological health and is influenced by endocrine hormone responsiveness. The present study aimed to determine the role of oestrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in regulating mitochondrial function using selective agonists for ERα (propylpyrazoletriol; PPT) and ERβ (diarylpropionitrile; DPN). Ovariectomised female rats were treated with 17β‐oestradiol (E 2), PPT, DPN or vehicle control. Both ER selective agonists significantly increased the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity relative to vehicle. Western blots of purified whole brain mitochondria detected ERα and, to a greater extent, ERβ localisation. Pre‐treatment with DPN, an ERβ agonist, significantly increased ERβ association with mitochondria. In the hippocampus, DPN activated mitochondrial DNA‐encoded COX I expression, whereas PPT was ineffective, indicating that mechanistically ERβ, and not ERα, activated mitochondrial transcriptional machinery. Both selective ER agonists increased protein expression of nuclear DNA‐encoded COX IV, suggesting that activation of ERβ or ERα is sufficient. Selective ER agonists up‐regulated a panel of bioenergetic enzymes and antioxidant defence proteins. Up‐regulated proteins included pyruvate dehydrogenase, ATP synthase, manganese superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin V. In vitro, whole cell metabolism was assessed in live primary cultured hippocampal neurones and mixed glia. The results of analyses conducted in vitro were consistent with data obtained in vivo. Furthermore, lipid peroxides, accumulated as a result of hormone deprivation, were significantly reduced by E 2, PPT and DPN. These findings suggest that the activation of both ERα and ERβ is differentially required to potentiate mitochondrial function in brain. As active components in hormone therapy, synthetically designed oestrogens as well as natural phyto‐oestrogen cocktails can be tailored to improve brain mitochondrial endpoints.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02251.x

Cites

46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Astrocytes are estrogen targets because ER1 and ER2 are present on the astrocyte membrane or intracellularly in astrocytes.

    “Astrocytes are estrogen targets, 125 as both ER1 and ER2 receptors are present on the astrocyte membrane or intracellularly in astrocytes.”

    From Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [125]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports an anti-inflammatory role for ERα in astrocytes, supporting that astrocytes can be estrogen targets. It discusses ERβ in microglia, not astrocytes, and does not establish that both receptors are present on astrocyte membranes or intracellularly. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Irwin, R. W., Yao, J., To, J., Hamilton, R. T., Cadenas, E., & Brinton, R. D.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
Corresponding author
Brinton, R. D.
Venue
Journal of Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-12-20
Volume
24
Issue
1
Pages
236-248
ISSN
  • 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2826
OpenAlex
W2151503607
Cited by
92
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
2.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (R01AG032236)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH067159)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
selective estrogen receptor modulators, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, estradiol, diarylpropionitrile, ovariectomy, hippocampus, antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation, hormone therapy, phytoestrogens
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Estradiol, Female, Mitochondria, Nitriles, Ovariectomy, Phenols, Propionates, Pyrazoles, Lipid Peroxidation, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Estrogen Receptor beta, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review