Educational strategies in curriculum development: the SPICES model
Abstract
Six education strategies have been identified relating to the curriculum in a medical school. Each issue can be represented as a spectrum or continuum: student-centred/teacher-centred, problem-based/information-gathering, integrated/discipline-based, community-based/hospital-based, elective/uniform and systematic/apprenticeship-based. The factors supporting a more towards each end of the continuum are presented for each strategy. Newer schools tend to be more to the left on the continuum, established schools more to the right. Each school, however, has to decide where it stands on each issue and to establish its own profile. This SPICES model of curriculum strategy analysis can be used in curriculum planning or review, in tackling problems relating to the curriculum and in providing guidance relating to teaching methods and assessment.
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The inclusion of the FAP in the undergraduate MBBS training program aligns with the SPICE model for medical curricula.
“The inclusion of the FAP in the undergraduate MBBS training program aligns with the SPICE (Student-centred, Problem-based, Integrated, Community-based, Electives and Systematic) model for medical curricula [3].”
From Perceptions of Stakeholders and the Way Forward to Implementing the Family Adoption Programme in Medical Education: A Study From Assam, India (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
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A model for programmatic assessment fit for purpose.
van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Schuwirth, L. W. T., Driessen, E. W., Dijkstra, J., Tigelaar, D., Baartman, L. K. J., & van Tartwijk, J. (2012) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.3109/0142159x.2012.652239 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Dornan, T., Littlewood, S., Margolis, S. A., Scherpbier, A., Spencer, J., & Ypinazar, V. (2006) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/01421590500410971 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Han, E.-R., Yeo, S., Kim, M.-J., Lee, Y.-H., Park, K.-H., & Roh, H. (2019) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1891-5 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Baruah, A., & Choudhari, S. G. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.63586 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The inclusion of the FAP in the undergraduate MBBS training program aligns with the SPICE (Student-centred, Problem-based, Integrated, Community-based, Electives and Systematic) model for medical curricula [3].”
MethodHematology education in a problem-based curriculum
Kemahli, S. (2005) · Hematology · doi:10.1080/10245330512331390267 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- HARDEN, R. M., SOWDEN, S., & DUNN, W. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Corresponding author
- HARDEN, R. M.
- Venue
- Medical Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1984-07
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 284-297
- ISSN
- 0308-0110 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2923
- OpenAlex
- W2052685256
- Cited by
- 772
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 6.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medical Education (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies
- Keywords
- SPICES model, curriculum development, medical curriculum, student-centered learning, problem-based learning, curriculum integration, community-based education, teaching methods, assessment
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Clerkship, Community Medicine, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Models, Theoretical, Problem Solving, Teaching
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