The bHLH protein ROX acts in concert with RAX1 and LAS to modulate axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis
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Summary: During post‐embryonic shoot development, new meristems are initiated in the axils of leaves. They produce secondary axes of growth that determine morphological plasticity and reproductive efficiency in higher plants. In this study, we describe the role of the bHLH‐protein‐encoding Arabidopsis gene REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION ( ROX ), which is the ortholog of the branching regulators LAX PANICLE1 ( LAX1 ) in rice and barren stalk1 ( ba1 ) in maize. rox mutants display compromised axillary bud formation during vegetative shoot development, and combination of rox mutants with mutations in RAX1 and LAS , two key regulators of axillary meristem initiation, enhances their branching defects. In contrast to lax1 and ba1 , flower development is unaffected in rox mutants. Over‐expression of ROX leads to formation of accessory side shoots. ROX mRNA accumulates at the adaxial boundary of leaf and flower primordia. However, in the vegetative phase, axillary meristems initiate after ROX expression has terminated, suggesting an indirect role for ROX in meristem formation. During vegetative development, ROX expression is dependent on RAX1 and LAS activity, and all three genes act in concert to modulate axillary meristem formation.
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ROX in Arabidopsis, LAX1 in rice, and BA1 in maize influence axillary meristem development.
“Another factor is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein called REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION (ROX) in Arabidopsis (Yang et al., 2012), LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) in rice (Komatsu et al., 2001, 2003) and BARREN STALK1 (BA1) in maize (Ritter et al., 2002; Gallavotti et al., 2004).”
From Shaping plant architecture (2015) · cites this paper as Yang et al., 2012
Loss-of-function mutants of ROX have a reduced number of axillary meristems.
“| ROX | ba1 (maize) | bHLH | Reduced number of AMs, | SAM and leaf primordia | Komatsu et al. (2003); Gallavotti |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Yang et al. (2012)
ROX is expressed in the boundary between the SAM and leaf primordia.
“| ROX | ba1 (maize) | bHLH | Reduced number of AMs, | SAM and leaf primordia | Komatsu et al. (2003); Gallavotti |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Yang et al. (2012)
ba1 in maize and LAX1 in rice are homologous to Arabidopsis ROX.
“| ROX | ba1 (maize) | bHLH | Reduced number of AMs, | SAM and leaf primordia | Komatsu et al. (2003); Gallavotti |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Yang et al. (2012)
Loss-of-function mutants of ROX have a reduced number of tillers and spikelets.
“| | LAX1 (rice) | | reduced number of tillers | | et al. (2004); Yang et al. (2012) |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Yang et al. (2012)
Cites
Genes involved in organ separation in Arabidopsis: an analysis of the cup-shaped cotyledon mutant.
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Self-citationInitiation of Axillary and Floral Meristems in Arabidopsis
Long, J., & Barton, M. K. (2000) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1999.9572 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
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Teichmann, T., & Muhr, M. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00233 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“Another factor is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein called REGULATOROF AXILLARYMERISTEM FORMATION (ROX) inArabidopsis (Yang et al., 2012), LAXPANICLE1 (LAX1) in rice (Komatsu et al., 2001, 2003) and BARREN STALK1 (BA1) in maize (Ritter et al., 2002; Gallavotti et al., 2004).”
BackgroundWang, Q., Kohlen, W., Rossmann, S., Vernoux, T., & Theres, K. (2014) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.114.123059 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Mutations in several other regulators, like REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS1 (Müller et al., 2006) or REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION (Yang et al., 2012), also affect AM formation in the vegetative, but not in the reproductive phase of shoot development.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTwo-Step Regulation of a Meristematic Cell Population Acting in Shoot Branching in Arabidopsis
Shi, B., Zhang, C., Tian, C., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Xu, T., Xu, Y., Ohno, C., Sablowski, R., Heisler, M. G., et al. (2016) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006168 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citation<i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems
Wang, Q., Hasson, A., Rossmann, S., & Theres, K. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13641 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Yang, F., Wang, Q., Schmitz, G., Müller, D., & Theres, K.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (DE)
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Theres, Klaus
- Venue
- The Plant Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-26
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 61-70
- ISSN
- 0960-7412 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-313X
- OpenAlex
- W1568471462
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 10.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Plant Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
- Keywords
- bHLH transcription factors, LAS, axillary bud formation, shoot branching, Arabidopsis thaliana, LAX1
- MeSH terms
- Phylogeny, Transcription Factors, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Meristem, RNA, Plant, Arabidopsis Proteins, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins
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