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DDT indoor residual spray, still an effective tool to control Anopheles fluviatilis‐transmitted Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India
Abstract
Summary: This study from two districts of Orissa State which are endemic for Plasmodium falciparum transmitted by Anopheles fluviatilis and A. culicifacies investigated the impact of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) indoor residual spraying, in view of the ongoing discussion on phasing out DDT in India. Based on their high annual parasite incidence and logistical considerations, 26 villages in Malkangiri and 28 in Koraput district were selected for DDT spraying. For comparison, six and four unsprayed villages were chosen from the same districts. In each district, the prevalence of malaria infection and incidence of malaria fever, indoor resting density and parous rate of the vectors, and their susceptibility to DDT were monitored in six and three villages selected randomly from the sprayed and unsprayed groups respectively. Anopheles fluviatilis was susceptible to DDT while A. culicifacies was resistant. DDT residual spraying with 1 g/m 2, was carried out in October–November 2001. Spraying 74–86% of human dwellings and 100% of cattle sheds brought down the indoor resting density of A. fluviatilis by 93–95%. This was associated with a significant reduction of incidence of malaria fever as well as prevalence of malaria infection from November to February in both districts. The spraying also seemed to impact on vector longevity, and a residual effect of DDT on the sprayed walls was observed up to 10–12 weeks despite re‐plastering. Hence DDT spraying can still be an effective tool for controlling fluviatilis‐transmitted malaria. Although this species is exophilic, its nocturnal resting behaviour facilitates its contact with the sprayed surfaces. DDT is still useful for residual spraying in India, particularly in areas where the vectors are endophilic and not resistant.
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“Statements of high cost-effectiveness of DDT have been based on the positive experience from the malaria eradication era (Mabaso et al. 2004) supplemented with more recent results on reductions in malaria morbidity and incidence associated with the use of DDT (Curtis 2002; Gunasekaran et al. 2005; Sharp et al. 2007).”
From Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease (2009) · cites this paper as Gunasekaran et al. 2005
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Cited by
Global Status of DDT and Its Alternatives for Use in Vector Control to Prevent Disease
van den Berg, H. (2009) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.0900785 · Cited by 376
“…costeffectiveness of DDT have been based on the positive experience from the malaria eradication era (Mabaso et al. 2004) supplemented with more recent results on reductions in malaria morbidity and incidence associated with the use of DDT (Curtis 2002; Gunasekaran et al. 2005; Sharp et al. 2007).”
ResultNyarango, P. M., Gebremeskel, T., Mebrahtu, G., Mufunda, J., Abdulmumini, U., Ogbamariam, A., Kosia, A., Gebremichael, A., Gunawardena, D., Ghebrat, Y., et al. (2006) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-33 · Cited by 254
Eave tubes for malaria control in Africa: a modelling assessment of potential impact on transmission
Waite, J. L., Lynch, P. A., & Thomas, M. B. (2016) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1505-1 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Gunasekaran, K., Sahu, S. S., Jambulingam, P., & Das, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Vector Control Research Centre (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Gunasekaran, K.
- Sahu, S. S.
- Jambulingam, P.
- Das, P. K.
- Venue
- Tropical Medicine & International Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-01-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 160-168
- ISSN
- 1360-2276 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3156
- OpenAlex
- W2022604004
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tropical Medicine & International Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- DDT, indoor residual spraying, Anopheles fluviatilis, Anopheles culicifacies, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria vector control, DDT resistance, indoor resting density, malaria incidence, Odisha, Koraput district
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anopheles, DDT, Housing, Humans, India, Insect Vectors, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Pesticide Residues, Seasons, Incidence, Prevalence, Malaria, Falciparum, Endemic Diseases
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