The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Vocal Behavior of the Domestic Fowl1
Abstract
Summary: 1. A new deafening technique for day‐old chicks of the domestic fowl is described. 2. Audiospectrographic comparisons of vocal signals were made between normal birds on the one hand and birds that had been experimentally deafened at an early age on the other. It was demonstrated that insofar as the types are concerned, the deaf birds could develop the normal repertoire and forms of vocalization. The detailed comparisons of sound structures are difficult because of individual variation and grading in the calls. 3. One adult cock was deafened to determine the effects of deafening on the maintenance of its vocal signals. The result indicated that the forms of the calls studied here remained unchanged after deafening, although some change occurred in the detailed aspect of its crowing. 4. Most vocal signals are morphologically discrete and tend to carry qualitatively different information. The quantitative aspect of environmental and motivational information is conveyed by grading of signals. Most signals can convey both types of information simultaneously. Several methods of achieving this purpose were described. 5. The fact that the birds could develop and also maintain the normal repertoire and forms of their vocal signals without auditory feedback does not necessarily mean that the forms of the various vocal signals are determined by a centrally patterned motor command, although it is the most probable mechanism. The involvement of nonauditory feedback in the control of the central motor output has not yet been excluded in this case. Zusammenfassung: 1. Eine neue Methode des operativen Ertaubens frisch geschlüpfter Küken wird beschrieben. 2. Klangspektrographische Vergleiche der Lautäußerungen bei hörenden und tauben Vögeln haben ergeben, daß die Entwicklung des Repertoires und der Formen der Laute bei den gehörlosen Individuen normal geschehen konnte, so weit es die Lauttypen betraf. Die individuellen und die innerhalb einer Lautform vorkommenden Variationen erschweren feinere Vergleiche der Laute beider Gruppen. 3. Der Einfluß des Taubwerdens auf das Erhaltenbleiben der Lautformen wurde bei einem Hahn studiert. Die hier untersuchten Lautformen blieben alle erhalten, wenn auch das spektrographische Bild in gewissen Einzelheiten etwas verändert war. 4. Die meisten Hühnerlaute sind deutlich unterscheidbar und pflegen qualitativ verschiedene Informationen zu übertragen. Die Übertragung der quantitativen Information über Umgebung und Stimmung der Tiere wird durch Abstufung der Lautsignale ermöglicht. Fast alle Lautsignale können die beiden Informationstypen gleichzeitig geben. Einige Weisen, auf die dieser Zweck erreicht wird, werden beschrieben. 5. Die Tatsache, daß die tauben Vögel alle artgemäßen Laute entwickeln und bewahren konnten, beweist noch nicht endgültig das motorische Angeborensein all dieser Laute, doch ist es die wahrscheinlichste Erklärung. Daß nichtakustische Rückmeldungen die Lauterzeugung kontrollieren, ist in diesem Falle noch nicht experimentell ausgeschlossen.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Birdsong and human speech: common themes and mechanisms
Doupe, A. J., & Kuhl, P. K. (1999) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.22.1.567 · Cited by 1,633
The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Control of Vocalization in the White-Crowned Sparrow 1
Konishi, M. (1965) · Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1965.tb01688.x · Cited by 832
Self-citationNottebohm, F. (1972) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/282756 · Cited by 451
Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization: II. Tropical forest habitats
Marten, K., Quine, D., & Marler, P. (1977) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00299741 · Cited by 365
Song learning in birds: the relation between perception and production
Nottebohm, F., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Cynx, J., Kirn, J., Ling, C.-Y., Nottebohm, M., Suter, R., Tolles, A., & Williams, H. (1990) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1990.0156 · Cited by 145
Metadata
- Authors
- Konishi, M.
- Venue
- Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1963-01-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-367
- ISSN
- 0044-3573 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2115578256
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Vocal Behavior of the Domestic Fowl1. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01156.x
- The paper
- Konishi, M. (1963). The Role of Auditory Feedback in the Vocal Behavior of the Domestic Fowl1. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01156.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.