Annotations to the Pathogenicity and Toxicity of Yeasts as used in Production of Single Cell Proteins: Bemerkungen zur Pathogenität und Toxizität von Hefen in der Herstellung von Einzellerprotein*
Abstract
Summary: Yeast strains of various species have been used experimentally and on large scale commercially for the production of single cell-proteins. Claims have been made by some research workers that such strains, f. i. Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis and Candida lipolytica - among others - are noxious to animals and man because they are pathogenic and contain or produce toxic substances. Many of the tests which led to these conclusions, are, however, considered as irrelevant because the authors of the respective papers have not only used unphysiological routes of application of living cells (for instance intracerebral inoculation), but also exceedingly high cell counts which were injected into rodent animal hosts compromised by previous treatment with corticosteroides, x-rays or antimetabolic drugs. It is the opinion of the authors that on the basis of so obtained results no valid conclusions can be drawn. It should be left to the toxicologists to determine eventual toxicity of the cell lines, of metabolic products and of the ready product. As Candida tropicalis is known to be an opportunistic pathogen for compromised human hosts, efforts should be made either not to use this yeast or to select cell-lines of no or only minimal experimental pathogenic ability. The final product must be treated in such way that it will not contain any living cells of the producing strain nor any products which by natural (per os) ingestion would be noxious. The workers in production plants should be adequately protected against contamination of the production strain. Zusammenfassung: Hefestämme verschiedener Arten wurden experimentell und in kommerzieller Großproduktion von Einzellerprotein eingesetzt. Einige Forscher haben die Behauptung aufgestellt, daß solche Stämme, z. B. Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis und Candida lipolytica - unter anderen - für Mensch und Tier schädlich seien, da sie pathogen wären und toxische Substanzen enthielten oder produzierten. Viele Testverfahren, die zu solchen Folgerungen führten, werden jedoch als irrelevant angesehen, da die Autoren der betreffenden Arbeiten nicht nur unphysiologische Infektionswege (z. B. intercerebral) für die applizierten Zellen benutzten, sondern auch ungewöhnlich hohe Zellmengen in kleine Nagetiere einspritzten, die durch vorherige Behandlung mit Corticoiden, Röntgenstrahlen oder Antimetaboliten schutzlos gemacht worden waren. Nach Meinung der Verfasser können aus solchermaßen erhaltenen Resultaten keine gültigen Schlüsse gezogen werden. Es möge dem Toxikologen überlassen bleiben, die eventuelle Toxizität von Zellinien, von Stoffwechselprodukten und des Endprodukts zu bestimmen. Da Candida tropicalis einen opportunistisch-pathogenen Pilz für den vorgeschädigten Menschen darstellt, sollten die Anstrengungen dahin zielen, entweder die Benutzung dieser Hefe zu vermeiden oder Zellinien zu selektionieren, die experimentell keine oder nur minimale Pathogenität erkennen lassen. Das Endprodukt muß so behandelt werden, daß es keine lebenden Zellen des Produktionsstammes mehr enthält, natürlich auch keine Substanzen, die bei natürlicher Aufnahme (per os) schädlich wirken. Die Beschäftigten in den einschlägigen Produktionsstätten müssen adequat vor Verunreinigung ihres eigenen Körpers mit dem Produktionsstamm geschützt werden.
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Yeast isolates currently used in industrial or biotechnological processes may be potentially pathogenic.
“From another point of view, yeasts isolates currently in use for industrial or biotechnological processes may be potentially pathogenic.20,26,34”
The yeast strains tested here have already been considered low-virulent opportunistic pathogens.
“Yeast strains herein tested have been already considered as low-virulent opportunistic pathogens.26,34”
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- Authors
- Seeliger, H. P. R., & Hof, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Würzburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Seeliger, H. P. R.
- Venue
- Mycoses
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-04-24
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 381-388
- ISSN
- 0027-5557 (ISSN-L)
- 0933-7407
- 1439-0507
- OpenAlex
- W2018492375
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mycoses (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Advanced Scientific Research Methods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- microbial protein, yeast pathogenicity, yeast toxicity, Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis, Yarrowia lipolytica, intracerebral injection, opportunistic pathogens
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Candida albicans, Dietary Proteins, Fungal Proteins, Humans, Mycotoxins, Yeasts
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