Cited by 265Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesPhysical Activity and Health

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EXERCISE IS GOOD FOR YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE: EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING

Fagard, RH·2006·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04453.x

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Abstract

SUMMARY: Although several epidemiological studies have not observed significant independent relationships between physical activity or fitness and blood pressure, others have concluded that blood pressure is lower in individuals who are more fit or active. However, longitudinal intervention studies are more appropriate for assessing the effects of physical activity on blood pressure. Previously, we have performed meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials involving dynamic aerobic endurance training or resistance training. Inclusion criteria were: random allocation to intervention and control; physical training as the sole intervention; inclusion of healthy sedentary normotensive and/or hypertensive adults; intervention duration of at least 4 weeks; availability of systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure; and publication in a peer‐reviewed journal up to December 2003. The meta‐analysis on endurance training involved 72 trials and 105 study groups. After weighting for the number of trained participants, training induced significant net reductions of resting and day time ambulatory blood pressure of 3.0/2.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively. The reduction of resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 hypertensive study groups (‐6.9/‐4.9) than in the others (‐1.9/‐1.6; P < 0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% (P < 0.05), plasma noradrenaline by 29% (P < 0.001) and plasma renin activity by 20% (P < 0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 1.2 kg (P < 0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm (P < 0.001), percentage body fat by 1.4% (P < 0.001) and the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance by 0.31 units (P < 0.01). High‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol increased by 0.032 mmol/L (P < 0.05). Resistance training has been less well studied. A meta‐analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (12 study groups) on mostly dynamic resistance training revealed a weighted net reduction of diastolic blood pressure of 3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01) associated with exercise and a non‐significant reduction of systolic blood pressure of 3.2 mmHg (P = 0.10). In conclusion, dynamic aerobic endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction of systemic vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the few available data suggest that resistance training is able to reduce blood pressure.

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BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
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Howley, E. T. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00005 · Cited by 722
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Self-citation
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Background
Cardiac Rehabilitation
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Effects of Supervised Versus Unsupervised Aerobic Exercise Training on Weight Loss, Functional Capacity, Quality of Life and Depression Level in Patients With Essential HypertensionPreprint
Gezer, İ. A., Kaya, İ., Güleç, A., Kara, H., Batur, E. B., & Levendoğlu, F. (2021) · doi:10.22541/au.161371968.85293708/v1 · Cited by 5
The effects of isometric exercise training on resting blood pressure with specific reference to selected cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and metabolic variables
Devereux, G. (2010) · Create (Canterbury Christ Church University) · Cited by 5
Gauging Fitness
LeMond, G., & Hom, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801023-5.00010-7 · Cited by 4
Neural mechanismsand post-exercise hypotension: The importance of experimental studies
Brasileiro-Santos, M. D. S., & Santos, A. D. C. (2017) · Motriz Revista de Educação Física · doi:10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0006 · Cited by 4
Different training programs decrease blood pressure during submaximal exercise
Méndez, O. A. N., Balagué, N., Aragonés, D., Álamo, J., Oviedo, G. R., Javierre, C. F., Guillamò, E., Delicado, M. D. C., Viscor, G., & Ventura, J. L. (2017) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3706-x · Cited by 5
Importance of Resistance Training in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Shaw, B. S., Brown, G. A., & Shaw, I. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.99710 · Cited by 5
Eccentric resistance training reduces both non-response to exercise and cardiovascular risk factors in adult with overweight or obesity
Díaz‐Vegas, A., Espinoza-Salinas, A., Cofré, C., & Sánchez-Aguilera, P. (2018) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2017.12.002 · Cited by 4
Investigation and Comparison of the Effects of Eight Weeks of Resistance and Endurance Training with Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Blood Pressure, Resting Heart Rate, and Body Composition in Obese Hypertensive Middle-Aged Men
Hakimi, M., Siahkouhian, M., Bolboli, L., & Vatani, D. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences · doi:10.5812/jcrps.79971 · Cited by 4
Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers
Shaw, B. S., Turner, S., & Shaw, I. (2021) · Asian Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5812/asjsm.106589 · Cited by 6
EFFECT OF 8 WEEKS OF AEROBIC ON BODY COMPOSITION AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Gholamrezaei, S., Mina, Z., Shabani, R., & Hoseini, R. (2014) · Physical Education of Students · doi:10.15561/20755279.2014.0514 · Cited by 3
Role of resistance training for preventing frailty and metabolic syndromes in aged adults
Yanagita, M., & Shiotsu, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.3.35 · Cited by 4
Effect of aerobics exercise and yoga on blood pressure in hypertensives
Sarvesh Kumar, J., & Preetha, S. (2017) · International Journal of Current Advanced Research · doi:10.24327/ijcar.2017.3126.0200 · Cited by 3
Efeitos do repouso e do exercício no solo e na água em hipertensos e normotensos
Luza, M., Siqueira, L. D. O., Paqualotti, A., Reolão, J. B. C., Schmidt, R., & Calegari, L. (2011) · Fisioterapia e Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/s1809-29502011000400009 · Cited by 3
Chronic effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardio-metabolic profile in healthy nonobese subjects
Bhandari, B., Lal, V., & Raj, A. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology · doi:10.4103/2348-8093.143487 · Cited by 3
“[7] Dynamic aerobic exercise reduces systemic vascular resistance, with the possible role of sympathetic nervous system and renin‐angiotensin system.[1,2] Very few studies have demonstrated the role of resistance exercise on CV system, unlike our finding, blood pressure lowering effect has been documented in various s…”
BackgroundResult
The relationship between changes in health behaviour and initiation of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications in individuals at high risk of ischaemic heart disease
Hempler, N. F., Krasnik, A., Pisinger, C. H., & Jørgensen, T. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-626 · Cited by 3
“Physical activity is known to modify well-known CVD risk factors, such as, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal and general obesity [1-5].”
Background
The Relationship of Body Fat Indicators with Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents with Low Socioeconomic Status
Boone, T., Astorino, T. A., Baker, J. S., Brock, S., Dalleck, L. C., Goulet, E. D. B., Gotshall, R. W., Hutchison, A. T., Knight-Maloney, M., Kravitz, L. R., et al. (2012) · Cited by 3
Alcohol and hypertension: An analysis using The Health Survey for England 2014
Grovu, R. C., & Rehm, J. T. (2017) · The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research · doi:10.7895/ijadr.244 · Cited by 3
“…sex, smoking, exercise, BMI, and education, all of which are known risk factors for hypertension or have been associated with alcohol consumption (Fagard, 2006; Drøyvold, Midthjell, Nilsen, & Holmen, 2005; Fukutomi & Kario, 2010; Virdis, Giannarelli, Fritsch Neves, Taddei, & –––––– IJADR 7(1)…”
Background
The effect of 12 weeks of resistive exercises versus aerobic exercises in overweight hypertensive postmenopausal women
Refaye, G. E. E., & Younis, H. A. (2019) · Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy · doi:10.4103/bfpt.bfpt_19_18 · Cited by 3
Resistance exercise training for hypertension
Chandrasekaran, B., Arumugam, A., Davis, F., Senthil Kumaran, D., Chandrasharma, B., Khundrakpam, C., Chanam, L., Philipraj, S. J., & Devi, R. S. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008822 · Cited by 3
Retracted
Effect of aerobic exercise on some parameters of cardiovascular health among male problem gamblers
Okechukwu, C. E. (2019) · International Archives of Health Sciences · doi:10.4103/iahs.iahs_55_19 · Cited by 2
“[14,15] Both short- and long-term involvement in aerobic and resistance exercises improves mood, quality of life, functional capacity, and minimizes the risk of high blood pressure among healthy individuals.[16] The American College of sports medicine recommends that every adult should accumulate at least 30–60 min/da…”
Background
FEATURES OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE RESPONSE TO EXERCISE TESTS IN ATHLETES OF VARIOUS SPORTS
Азгатович, М. Ф., Nazarenko, A. S., Асманов, Р. Ф., Sirazetdinov, A., & Васильевич, М. А. (2020) · SCIENCE AND SPORT current trends · doi:10.36028/2308-8826-2020-8-1-62-68 · Cited by 2
Physical Activity/Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease
Emery, C. F., Truong, E. A. K., & Oliver, K. N. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-85960-6_16 · Cited by 2
Impact of moderate to vigorous physical activity on systemic vascular resistance in Danish adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
Nguyen, S. B., Olesen, T. B., Domazet, S. L., Kristoffersen, S. F., Nielsen, J. S., Olsen, M. H., & Stidsen, J. V. (2025) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-025-01049-x · Cited by 2
“The reduction in blood pressure through physical activity is suggested to be driven predominantly by a reduction in SVR [8].”
Aerobic Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, and Lipid Profiles: Protocol for a Quantitative Review
Wood, G., Taylor, E., Murrell, A., Ng, V., Patil, A., van der Touw, T., Wolden, M., & Smart, N. A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology · doi:10.31189/2165-6193-10.2.42 · Cited by 2
Blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass: Results from the Tromsø Activity Study
Emaus, A., Wilsgaard, T., Furberg, A.-S., & Thune, I. (2011) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v20i2.1341 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, evidence from randomized controlled studies shows that exercise (both endurance and resistance exercise) has favorable effects on blood pressure (8).”
Background
Resistance exercise training for hypertension
Chandrasekaran, B., Arumugam, A., Davis, F., Senthil Kumaran, D., & Devi, R. S. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008822.pub2 · Cited by 2
Resposta Pressórica após Exercício Resistido de Diferentes Segmentos Corporais em Hipertensos Pressure Response after Resistance Exercise for Different Body Segments in Hypertensive People
Battagin, A. M., Corso, S. D., Soares, C. L. R., Ferreira, S. R., Letícia, A., & Malaguti, C. (2010) · Cited by 2
Health Education Curriculum to Prevent Hypertension: An Epidemiologic Investigation
McNeil, J. (2016) · MOJ Public Health · doi:10.15406/mojph.2016.04.00107 · Cited by 2
“For instance, lower blood pressures can lead to reduced medication adjustments and follow-up visits needed to improve blood pressure by approximately $37 dollars per person annually [9].”
Background
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE MODALITIES IN IMPROVING METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK FACTORS AMONG OBESE FEMALES
Norizzati, M. I., Sarina, M. Y., Maisarah, S., & Jannat, R. H. R. N. (2018) · Malaysian Journal of Movement Health & Exercise · doi:10.15282/mohe.v7i2.193 · Cited by 3
A PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS EM IDOSOS E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM UM ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL
Alves, H. B., Vasconcelos, K. P., Silva, C. T. L., Bezerra, K. A., & Alves, H. B. (2021) · Revista interdisciplinar em saúde · doi:10.35621/23587490.v8.n1.p724-737 · Cited by 2
Adapting healthy life style program is more effective than atorvastatin in improving sexual function in hypercholestrolemic females: A pilot prospective study
Abdallah, O. A., Din, S. F. G., Tohamy, M. M., Abdelmohsen, F. N., & Ismail, N. N. (2021) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2021.08.002 · Cited by 3
O EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO UMA ALTERNATIVA PARA O CONTROLE DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL EM HIPERTENSOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Vieira, V. B., Marques, D. S., de Queiroz, R. S., de Sousa, J. O., Bandeira, A. H. N., dos Santos, C. A. F., Silveira, R. E. D., dos Santos, W. P., Veras, I. S., Cavalcante, A. P. D. S. A., et al. (2023) · Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR · doi:10.25110/arqsaude.v27i6.2023-022 · Cited by 2
Different Types of Training Lead to Different Levels of Cardiovascular Energy Dissipation: Young Soccer Players Versus Ballet Dancers*
Lemes, L., Armentano, R., Farro, I., Chatterjee, P., Scarponi, G., & Cymberknop, L. (2023) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · doi:10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340019 · Cited by 2
IMPACTO DE LOS PROGRAMAS DE REHABILITACIÓN CARDÍACA SOBRE LOS FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR EN PREVENCIÓN SECUNDARIA
Suárez, P. A., Barragán, E. F., & Álvarez, O. M. (2015) · Revista Med · doi:10.18359/rmed.1745 · Cited by 4
Adaptations in body composition, metabolic health and physical fitness during strength or endurance training or their combination in healthy middle-aged and older adults
Sillanpää, E. (2011) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 2
Postexercise cardiovascular hemodynamics assessment before and after a 30-minute standing still recovery
Gentilin, A., Cevese, A., & Tam, E. (2023) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15330-8 · Cited by 1
Lowering blood pressure by exercise: investigating the effect of sweating
Hoseini, R., & Hamid, R. R. (2024) · Blood Pressure Monitoring · doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000691 · Cited by 1
“Resistance training has been shown to reduce blood pressure in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals through various mechanisms [63].”
Background
Physical exercise and hypertension: A retrospective study in southern Sichuan
Diao, P., Ning, K., Wang, S., & He, L. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037675 · Cited by 1
“[8] 11] Furthermore, global health bodies, including the World Health Organization, endorse regular physical activity as a strategy to mitigate hypertension and other non-communicable diseases.”
Background
Aerobic training conducted at different times of day in elderly patients with hypertension: a controlled trial
Azevêdo, L., da Silva, N. D., de Oliveira, G. F., Marin, T. C., Albino, S., Costa, L. A. R., Brito, L. C., & Forjaz, C. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-02000-1 · Cited by 2
“Finally, other physiological mechanisms associated with hypertension, such as autonomic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, that can be modulated by aerobic training [9, 18] were not assessed in the present study.”
Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines and development of chronic diseases: Findings from the HABITAT cohort
Pham, A. T., Stylianou, M., Duncombe, S. L., Brown, W. J., Burton, N. W., & Mielke, G. I. (2026) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2026.07.016 · Cited by 1
Exercise as Medicine for Cardiac Patients
Parker, B. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5650-7_14 · Cited by 1
O papel do exercício físico na pressão arterial em idosos
Scher, L. M. D. L., Nobre, F. D., & Lima, N. K. C. (2008) · Cited by 10
Resistance exercise training for hypertension (Protocol)
Arumugam, A., Davis, F., & Chanam, L. (2010) · Cited by 1
Contemporary strategies for weight loss and cardiovascular disease risk factor modification
Hill, A. M., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2009) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-009-0019-6 · Cited by 1
“Regular physical activity also is effective for management of BP, particularly in persons with hypertension (-6.9/-4.9 mm Hg) versus normotensive individuals (-1.9/-1.6 mm Hg) [ 18 ].”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Fagard, R.
Venue: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-08-10
Volume: 33
Issue: 9
Pages: 853-856
ISSN: 0305-1870 (ISSN-L)
1440-1681
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04453.x
OpenAlex: W2059173308
Cited by: 265
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 27.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords: blood pressure, endurance training, resistance training, aerobic exercise, hypertension, ambulatory blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity, body composition, insulin resistance, HDL cholesterol, physical activity, sedentary adults, cardiovascular risk reduction, weight loss, waist circumference, body fat percentage, HOMA
MeSH terms: Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Clinical Trials as Topic, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Risk Factors, Teaching, Triglycerides, Vascular Resistance, Exercise

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EXERCISE IS GOOD FOR YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE: EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING

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