Geochemistry of the oldest MORB and OIB in the Isua Supracrustal Belt, southern West Greenland: Implications for the composition and temperature of early Archean upper mantle

Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Maruyama, Shigenori; Hirata, Takafumi; Yurimoto, Hisayoshi; Nohda, Susumu

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1738.2003.00416.x

Cited by 93Geological and Geochemical AnalysisGeochemistry and Elemental AnalysisAstro and Planetary Science

Geochemistry of the oldest MORB and OIB in the Isua Supracrustal Belt, southern West Greenland: Implications for the composition and temperature of early Archean upper mantle

Komiya, Tsuyoshi, Maruyama, Shigenori, Hirata, Takafumi, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Nohda, Susumu·2004·Island Arc

DOI 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2003.00416.x

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Abstract

Abstract Recent geological investigations of the Isua Supracrustal Belt (3.8 Ga), southern West Greenland, have suggested that it is the oldest accretionary complex on earth, defined by an oceanic plate‐type stratigraphy and a duplex structure. Plate history from mid‐oceanic ridge through plume magmatism to subduction zone has been postulated from analysis of the reconstructed oceanic plate stratigraphy in the accretionary complex. Comparison between field occurrence of greenstones in modern and ancient accretionary complexes reveals that two types of tholeiitic basalt from different tectonic settings, mid‐oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) and oceanic island basalt (OIB), occur. This work presents major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions of greenstones derived from Isua MORB and OIB, and of extremely rare relict igneous clinopyroxene in Isua MORB. The Isua clinopyroxenes (Cpx) have compositional variations equivalent to those of Cpx in modern MORB; in particular, low TiO2 and Na2O contents. The Isua Cpx show slightly light (L)REE‐depleted REE patterns, and the calculated REE pattern of the host magma is in agreement with that of Isua MORB. Analyses of 49 least‐altered greenstones carefully selected from approximately 1200 samples indicate that Isua MORB are enriched in Al2O3, and depleted in TiO2, FeO*, Y and Zr at the given MgO content, compared with Isua OIB. In addition, Isua MORB show an LREE‐depleted pattern, whereas Isua OIB forms a flat REE pattern. Such differences suggest that the Early Archean mantle had already become heterogeneous, depending on the tectonic environment. Isua MORB are enriched in FeO compared with modern MORB. Comparison of Isua MORB with recent melting experiments shows that the source mantle had 85–87 in Mg♯ and was enriched in FeO. Potential mantle temperature is estimated to be approximately 1480°C, indicating that the Early Archean mantle was hotter by at most approximately 150°C than the modern mantle.

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The high-MgO content reported by Ganne and Feng (2017) exceeds modern-day MORB and correlates with field evidence of strongly mafic pillow lavas in many Archean greenstone belts.
“This high-MgO content exceeds that reported for modern-day MORB (White and Klein, 2014) and correlates with field evidence of strongly mafic pillow lavas (> 12 wt% MgO) with MORB-like geochemical trace element ratios that are present in many Archean greenstone belts (e.g.Isua; Komiya et al., 2004;Pilbara;Ohta et al., 1996).”
From Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth (2020) · cites this paper as Komiya et al., 2004

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Authors: Komiya, T., Maruyama, S., Hirata, T., Yurimoto, H., & Nohda, S.
Affiliations: Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
Kumamoto University (JP)
Corresponding author: Komiya, Tsuyoshi
Maruyama, Shigenori
Hirata, Takafumi
Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
ORCID: Komiya, Tsuyoshi
Maruyama, Shigenori
Hirata, Takafumi
Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
Venue: Island Arc
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-02-16
Volume: 13
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-72
ISSN: 1038-4871 (ISSN-L)
1440-1738
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2003.00416.x
OpenAlex: W2036578808
Cited by: 93
References: 83
Citations by year: 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 3.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Island Arc (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
Keywords: Isua supracrustal belt, mid-ocean ridge basalt, ocean island basalts, mantle temperature, mantle heterogeneity, clinopyroxene, rare earth elements, trace elements, accretionary prism, tholeiitic basalt

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Geochemistry of the oldest MORB and OIB in the Isua Supracrustal Belt, southern West Greenland: Implications for the composition and temperature of early Archean upper mantle

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