The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A new global biome reconstruction and data‐model comparison for the Middle Pliocene
Abstract
Aim To produce a robust, comprehensive global biome reconstruction for the Middle Pliocene (c. 3.6–2.6 Ma), which is based on an internally consistent palaeobotanical data set and a state‐of‐the‐art coupled climate–vegetation model. The reconstruction gives a more rigorous picture of climate and environmental change during the Middle Pliocene and provides a new boundary condition for future general circulation model (GCM) studies. Location Global. Methods Compilation of Middle Pliocene vegetation data from 202 marine and terrestrial sites into the comprehensive GIS data base TEVIS (Tertiary Environmental Information System). Translation into an internally consistent classification scheme using 28 biomes. Comparison and synthesis of vegetation reconstruction from palaeodata with the outputs of the mechanistically based BIOME4 model forced by climatology derived from the HadAM3 GCM. Results The model results compare favourably with available palaeodata and highlight the importance of employing vegetation–climate feedbacks and the anomaly method in biome models. Both the vegetation reconstruction from palaeobotanical data and the BIOME4 prediction indicate a general warmer and moister climate for the Middle Pliocene. Evergreen taiga as well as temperate forest and grassland shifted northward, resulting in much reduced tundra vegetation. Warm‐temperate forests (with subtropical taxa) spread in mid and eastern Europe and tropical savannas and woodland expanded in Africa and Australia at the expense of deserts. Discrepancies which occurred between data reconstruction and model simulation can be related to: (1) poor spatial model resolution and data coverage; (2) uncertainties in delimiting biomes using climate parameters; or (3) uncertainties in model physics and/or geological boundary conditions. Main conclusions The new global biome reconstruction combines vegetation reconstruction from palaeobotanical proxies with model simulations. It is an important contribution to the further understanding of climate and vegetation changes during the Middle Pliocene warm interval and will enhance our knowledge about how vegetation may change in the future.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Trends, Rhythms, and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present
Zachos, J., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., & Billups, K. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1059412 · Cited by 10,458
A Revised Cenozoic Geochronology and Chronostratigraphy
Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, C. C., & Aubry, M.-P. (1995) · Geochronology, Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation · doi:10.2110/pec.95.04.0129 · Cited by 3,070
Prentice, I. C., Cramer, W., Harrison, S. P., Leemans, R., Monserud, R. A., & Solomon, A. M. (1992) · Journal of Biogeography · doi:10.2307/2845499 · Cited by 2,106
The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3
Pope, V. D., Gallani, M. L., Rowntree, P. R., & Stratton, R. A. (2000) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s003820050009 · Cited by 1,542
Studies with a flexible new radiation code. I: Choosing a configuration for a large‐scale model
Edwards, J. M., & Slingo, A. (1996) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712253107 · Cited by 1,186
Haxeltine, A., & Prentice, I. C. (1996) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/96gb02344 · Cited by 978
The impact of new land surface physics on the GCM simulation of climate and climate sensitivity
Cox, P. M., Betts, R. A., Bunton, C. B., Essery, R. L. H., Rowntree, P. R., & Smith, J. (1999) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s003820050276 · Cited by 935
Permanent El Niño-Like Conditions During the Pliocene Warm Period
Wara, M. W., Ravelo, A. C., & Delaney, M. L. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1112596 · Cited by 674
Mosbrugger, V., & Utescher, T. (1997) · Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/s0031-0182(96)00154-x · Cited by 672
Cited by
Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data
Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Kageyama, M., Bartlein, P. J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Abe-Ouchi, A., Otto-Bliesner, B., & Zhao, Y. (2012) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate1456 · Cited by 1,013
PaleoClim, high spatial resolution paleoclimate surfaces for global land areas
Brown, J. L., Hill, D. J., Dolan, A. M., Carnaval, A. C., & Haywood, A. M. (2018) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.254 · Cited by 498
Self-citationThe PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan
Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Harrison, S. P., Haywood, A. M., Jungclaus, J. H., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Peterschmitt, J.-Y., Abe-Ouchi, A., Albani, S., Bartlein, P. J., et al. (2018) · Geoscientific Model Development · doi:10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018 · Cited by 361
Self-citationGreatly Expanded Tropical Warm Pool and Weakened Hadley Circulation in the Early Pliocene
Brierley, C. M., Fedorov, A. V., Liu, Z., Herbert, T. D., Lawrence, K. T., & LaRiviere, J. P. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1167625 · Cited by 332
Temperature and precipitation history of the Arctic
Miller, G. H., Brigham-Grette, J., Alley, R. B., Anderson, L., Bauch, H. A., Douglas, M. S. V., Edwards, M. E., Elias, S. A., Finney, B. P., Fitzpatrick, J. J., et al. (2010) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.001 · Cited by 285
Metadata
- Authors
- Salzmann, U., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., & Hill, D. J.
- Venue
- Global Ecology and Biogeography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 432-447
- ISSN
- 1466-822X (ISSN-L)
- 1466-8238
- OpenAlex
- W2152578450
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 38
- FWCI
- 11.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A new global biome reconstruction and data‐model comparison for the Middle Pliocene. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00381.x
- The paper
- Salzmann, U., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., & Hill, D. J. (2008). A new global biome reconstruction and data‐model comparison for the Middle Pliocene. Global Ecology and Biogeography. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2008.00381.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
