The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chronic Thought Suppression
Abstract
We conducted several tests of the idea that an inclination toward thought suppression is associated with obsessive thinking and emotional reactivity. Initially, we developed a self-report measure of thought suppression through successive factor-analytic procedures and found that it exhibited acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability. This measure, the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), was found to correlate with measures of obsessional thinking and depressive and anxious affect, to predict signs of clinical obsession among individuals prone toward obsessional thinking, to predict depression among individuals motivated to dislike negative thoughts, and to predict failure of electrodermal responses to habituate among people having emotional thoughts. The WBSI was inversely correlated with repression as assessed by the Repression-Sensitization Scale, and so taps a trait that is quite unlike repression as traditionally conceived.
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In the citing paper
“Suppression is a specific avoidance strategy, which when used as a primary strategy of coping is associated to a high level of depressive and obsessive symptoms (17) .”
From Aceptación de miedos a la recaída en pacientes con cáncer de mama: efectos de una intervención abreviada basada en la ACT (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Regarding efficacy, studies have shown detrimental effects of efforts to avoid cognitive contents, especially in the long run (17) .”
From Aceptación de miedos a la recaída en pacientes con cáncer de mama: efectos de una intervención abreviada basada en la ACT (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Thus, children who employ less cognitive avoidance are more likely to respond better to treatment, as they consciously process, rather than actively avoid, unpleasant worry thoughts.”
From The efficacy of a group-based, disorder-specific treatment program for childhood GAD - A randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as Wegner & Zanakos, 1994
In the citing paper
“Diagnoses were derived by the CIDI and validated by expert clinicians [33][34][35][36][37][38] .”
From Treating Treatment-Resistant Patients with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Using Psychotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Switching Trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
Citations
Cites
Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
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Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., & McNally, R. J. (1986) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(86)90143-9 · Cited by 3,169
A personality scale of manifest anxiety
Taylor, J. A. (1953) · The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056264 · Cited by 3,131
Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.
Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.1.5 · Cited by 2,127
Self-citationWeinberger, D. A., Schwartz, G. E., & Davidson, R. J. (1979) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.4.369 · Cited by 1,083
The repression-sensitization scale: rationale, reliability, and validity1
Byrne, D. (1961) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1961.tb01666.x · Cited by 618
The hyperaccessibility of suppressed thoughts.
Wegner, D. M., & Erber, R. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.6.903 · Cited by 533
Self-citationDepression and mental control: The resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts.
Wenzlaff, R. M., Wegner, D. M., & Roper, D. W. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.55.6.882 · Cited by 439
Self-citationIronic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought.
Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1093 · Cited by 430
Self-citationDelayed costs of suppressed pain.
Cioffi, D., & Holloway, J. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.2.274 · Cited by 361
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Cited by
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Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 · Cited by 3,950
Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701598298 · Cited by 3,654
Metadata
- Authors
- Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-12
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 615-640
- ISSN
- 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6494
- OpenAlex
- W2030767477
- Cited by
- 1,245
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- thought suppression, obsessive thoughts, White Bear Suppression Inventory, emotional reactivity, depression, anxiety, repression, electrodermal response, habituation, self-report measure development
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Obsessive Behavior, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Repression, Psychology, Thinking
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