The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tobler's First Law and Spatial Analysis
Abstract
I never thought that others would take them so much more seriously then I did. —Albert Einstein on his theories “I invoke the first law of geography: everything is related to everything else, but n...
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Dretske, F. I. (1977) · Philosophy of Science · doi:10.1086/288741 · Cited by 973
Cited by
Alessandretti, L., Aslak, U., & Lehmann, S. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2909-1 · Cited by 361
Least-Cost modelling and landscape ecology: concepts, applications, and opportunities
Etherington, T. R. (2016) · Current Landscape Ecology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40823-016-0006-9 · Cited by 160
Guo, J., Zhang, W., Fan, W., & Li, W. (2018) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2018.1523564 · Cited by 85
Liu, C. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09410-3 · Cited by 1
Berk, R. A., & Braverman, A. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.16118
“More fundamentally, spatial dependence methods generally are built on Tobler’s “First Law of Geography,” which assumes that closer observations in space are more alike and have higher spatial correlations (Harvey, 2004).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, H. J.
- Venue
- Annals of the Association of American Geographers
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 284-289
- ISSN
- 0004-5608 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8306
- OpenAlex
- W2058336014
- Cited by
- 901
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 48.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.