The DOI matches its OpenAlex record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theory of Mind Is Contagious: You Catch It from Your Sibs
Abstract
This study investigated the relation between family size and ''theory of mind.'' Results from an experiment with 3- and 4-year-olds showed that children from larger families were better able than children from smaller families to predict a story character's mistaken (false-belief based) action. Results from a second experiment on children with exactly 1 sibling failed to show any superiority of older over younger siblings in promoting earlier understanding of belief. The data are interpreted as suggesting that sibling interaction provides a rich ''data base'' for building a theory of mind, and this is discussed in relation to other studies showing that particular kinds of interaction between sibling and child, or caregiver and child, have a beneficial effect on the understanding of false belief.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vygotsky, L. S. (1964) · Bulletin of the Orton Society · doi:10.1007/bf02928399 · Cited by 20,704
Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00076512 · Cited by 8,743
Wimmer, H. (1983) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5 · Cited by 6,305
BMDP Statistical Software 1981.
Bubolz, T. A., & Dixon, W. J. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288308 · Cited by 5,221
Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science
Feigl, H., & Scriven, M. S. (1956) · Cited by 4,420
Conceptual Change in Childhood
Carey, S. E. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,850
Pretense and representation: The origins of "theory of mind."
Leslie, A. M. (1987) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.94.4.412 · Cited by 3,379
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
D., C. P. (1979) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421932 · Cited by 2,925
Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the Philosophy of Mind
Fodor, J. A. (1987) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/5684.001.0001 · Cited by 2,756
Empiricism and the philosophy of mind
Sellars, W. (1997) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 2,727
Cited by
Meta-Analysis of Theory-of-Mind Development: The Truth about False Belief
Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00304 · Cited by 4,476
Power, approach, and inhibition.
Keltner, D., Gruenfeld, D. H., & Anderson, C. (2003) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.110.2.265 · Cited by 3,427
Individual Differences in Inhibitory Control and Children's Theory of Mind
Carlson, S. M., & Moses, L. J. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00333 · Cited by 2,072
The Role of Age and Verbal Ability in the Theory of Mind Task Performance of Subjects with Autism
Happe, F. G. E. (1995) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131954 · Cited by 1,227
The Relation between Children's and Mothers’ Mental State Language and Theory-of-Mind Understanding
Ruffman, T., Slade, L., & Crowe, E. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00435 · Cited by 885
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Perner, J., Ruffman, T., & Leekam, S.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-08-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1228-1228
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040458471
- Cited by
- 657
- References
- 66
- FWCI
- 17.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Theory of Mind Is Contagious: You Catch It from Your Sibs. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x
- The paper
- Perner, J., Ruffman, T., & Leekam, S. (1994). Theory of Mind Is Contagious: You Catch It from Your Sibs. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00814.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
