Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents.

A power primer.

Cohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771

Reviews: Lord, Frederic M., and Novick, Melvin R. (with contributions by Allan Birnbaum). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968. xii + 568 pp. $14.95.

Rozeboom, W. W., Lord, F. M., Novick, M. R., & Birnbaum, A. (1969) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162101 · Cited by 8,012

High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success

Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x · Cited by 6,557

Comparing correlated correlation coefficients

Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.172 · Cited by 2,472

Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78 · Cited by 2,171

Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions.

Shoda, Y., Mischel, W., & Peake, P. K. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.978 · Cited by 1,324

The nature of adolescent competencies predicted by preschool delay of gratification.

Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Peake, P. K. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.687 · Cited by 1,285

Measuring impulsivity and examining its relationship to delinquency.

White, J. L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Bartusch, D. J., Needles, D. J., & Stouthamer‐Loeber, M. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.2.192 · Cited by 874

The Nature of Adolescence

Coleman, J. C. (2011) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203805633 · Cited by 702

Personality as a Predictor of College Performance

Wolfe, R. N., & Johnson, S. D. (1995) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164495055002002 · Cited by 484

Relationships Among Noncognitive Factors and Academic Performance: Testing the University of Chicago Consortium on School Research Model

Wanzer, D. L., Postlewaite, E. L., & Zargarpour, N. (2019) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/2332858419897275 · Cited by 30

The weight of school grades: Evidence of biased teachers’ evaluations against overweight students in Germany

Dian, M., & Triventi, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245972 · Cited by 22

Gross Motor Skills and Academic Achievement in Typically Developing Children: The Mediating Effect of Adhd Related Behaviours

Magistro, D., Bardaglio, G., & Rabaglietti, E. (2015) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 21

Bildungsungleichheiten und blockierte Lernpotenziale: Welche Bedeutung hat die Persönlichkeitsstruktur für diesen Zusammenhang? / Inequality in Educational Opportunities: Underachievement and the Role of Personality Traits

Uhlig, J., Solga, H., & Schupp, J. (2009) · Zeitschrift für Soziologie · doi:10.1515/zfsoz-2009-0505 · Cited by 21

A Summary of Methods for Measuring Delay Discounting in Young Children

Staubitz, J. L., Lloyd, B. P., & Reed, D. D. (2018) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-018-0292-1 · Cited by 21

Two Experience Sampling Studies Examining the Variation of Self-Control Capacity and Its Relationship with Core Affect in Daily LifePreprint

Zhang, C., Smolders, K. C. H. J., Lakens, D., & IJsselsteijn, W. A. (2018) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ta6bh · Cited by 21

Personality traits and self-control: The moderating role of neuroticism

Nilsen, F., Bang, H., & Røysamb, E. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307871 · Cited by 26

Predicting Math Identity Through Language and Click-Stream Patterns in a Blended Learning Mathematics Program for Elementary Students

Crossley, S. A., Karumbaiah, S., Ocumpaugh, J. L., Labrum, M. J., & Baker, R. S. (2020) · Journal of Learning Analytics · doi:10.18608/jla.2020.71.3 · Cited by 20

Longitudinal associations between soft skills, education and labour market outcomes: evidence from a survey of young Australians

Forrest, C., & Swanton, T. (2021) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-10-2020-0325 · Cited by 20

Environmental Knowledge of Participants’ Outdoor and Indoor Physical Education Lessons as an Example of Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

Pasek, M., Bendíková, E., Kuska, M., Żukowska, H., Dróżdź, R., Olszewski-Strzyżowski, D. J., Zając, M., & Szark-Eckardt, M. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14010544 · Cited by 27

Measurement Properties for a Scale Assessing Self-Regulation in Parents and Parenting Practitioners

Tellegen, C. L., Ma, T., Day, J. J., Hodges, J., Panahi, B., Mazzucchelli, T. G., & Sanders, M. R. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02307-z · Cited by 21

Self‐control, limited willpower and decision fatigue in healthcare settings

Schweitzer, D. R., Baumeister, R. F., Laakso, E., & Ting, J. Y. S. (2023) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.16121 · Cited by 20

Cognitive and non‐cognitive predictors of success in adult education programs: Evidence from experimental data with low‐income welfare recipients

Leininger, L. J., & Kalil, A. (2008) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20357 · Cited by 20

Teachers See What Ability Scores Cannot

Foreman, J., & Gubbins, E. J. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Academics · doi:10.1177/1932202x14552279 · Cited by 23

Social Connectedness, Academic, Non-Academic Behaviors Related To Self-Regulation among University Students in Saudi Arabia

Jdaitawi, M. T. (2015) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v8n2p84 · Cited by 20

Integrative character education (ICE): grounding facilitated prosocial development in a humanistic perspective for a multicultural world

White, R. M., & Shin, T. S. (2017) · Multicultural Education Review · doi:10.1080/2005615x.2016.1276670 · Cited by 33

Getting Weighed Down: The Effect of Childhood Obesity on the Development of Socioemotional Skills

Black, N., & de New, S. C. (2017) · Journal of Human Capital · doi:10.1086/692016 · Cited by 20

The Motivational Aspect of Children’s Delayed Gratification: Values and Decision Making in Middle Childhood

Twito-Weingarten, L., Israel, S., Simonson, I., & Knafo‐Noam, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01649 · Cited by 24

The effect of growth mindset on reasoning ability in Chinese adolescents and young adults: the moderating role of self-esteem

Wang, D., Gan, L., & Wang, C. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01437-9 · Cited by 28

The role of delay of gratification, substance abuse, and violent behavior on academic achievement of disciplinary alternative middle school students

Herndon, J. S., Bembenutty, H., & Gill, M. G. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.028 · Cited by 20

Material deprivation or minimal education? Social class and crime in an egalitarian welfare state

Savolainen, J., Paananen, R., Merikukka, M., Aaltonen, M., & Gissler, M. (2013) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2013.04.001 · Cited by 20

The Positive Peer Effects of Classroom Diversity

Gottfried, M. A. (2014) · The Elementary School Journal · doi:10.1086/676948 · Cited by 20

Developing non-cognitive skills in part-time students at a South African university: Overcoming negativity and supporting behavioural change

Merino, A. R., Jooste, S., & Vermeulen, K. (2019) · South African Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.20853/33-6-2969 · Cited by 19

The mediating role of self‐control between stress and procrastination among adolescents: Examining the ego depletion theory

Gökalp, Z. Ş., & Haktanır, A. (2024) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23217 · Cited by 20

A meta-analysis on the relationship between subjective cognitive failures as measured by the cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and objective performance on executive function tasks

Goodhew, S. C., & Edwards, M. (2024) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-024-02573-6 · Cited by 22

Outlining the Field – A Research Program for Empirically Informed Ethics

Christen, M., & Alfano, M. (2013) · Library of ethics and applied philosophy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01369-5_1 · Cited by 19

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: THE ROLE OF THE POSITIVE PERSONALITY MODEL

de la Iglesia, G., & Solano, A. C. (2019) · Problems of Education in the 21st Century · doi:10.33225/pec/19.77.572 · Cited by 19

What makes Estonia and Singapore so good?

Boman, B. (2019) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2019.1701420 · Cited by 19

Self-regulation theories

Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815450-2.00008-5 · Cited by 22

Does Reclassification Change How English Learners Feel About School and Themselves? Evidence From a Regression Discontinuity Design

Lee, M. G. L., & Soland, J. G. (2022) · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · doi:10.3102/01623737221097419 · Cited by 24

Hidden Depths: The Origins of Human Connection

Spikins, P. (2022) · White Rose University Press eBooks · doi:10.22599/hiddendepths · Cited by 19

Executive Functions Promote Well-Being: Outcomes and Mediators

Luerssen, A., & Ayduk, Ö. N. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58763-9_4 · Cited by 23

Behavior problems and personality in Korean high school students

Lee, S. J., Park, S. H., Cloninger, C. R., & Chae, H. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6106 · Cited by 19

Opposing effects of impulsivity and mindset on sources of science self-efficacy and STEM interest in adolescents

Marriott, L. K., Coppola, L. A., Mitchell, S. H., Bouwma-Gearhart, J. L., Chen, Z., Shifrer, D., Feryn, A. B., & Shannon, J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201939 · Cited by 20

The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Performance: A Closer Look at Individual and Environmental Factors

NGUYEN, K. T., DUONG, T. M., Nhi Yen, T. R. A. N., Anh Thao, H. A., & PHUNG, Y. N. T. (2019) · Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business · doi:10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no1.183 · Cited by 28

The Cognitive Benefits of Participating in Structured Sports for Preschoolers

Bryant, L. M., Duncan, R. J., & Schmitt, S. A. (2020) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2020.1799619 · Cited by 23

Improving Self-control by Practicing Logical Reasoning

Bertrams, A., & Schmeichel, B. J. (2013) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2013.836562 · Cited by 21

Knowledge, skills and personality of the effective business consultant

Banai, M., & Tulimieri, P. (2013) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-05-2011-0061 · Cited by 18

Building self-discipline to promote learning: students’ volitional strategies to navigate the demands of schooling

Elstad, E. (2008) · Learning Inquiry · doi:10.1007/s11519-008-0027-3 · Cited by 19

Socio-emotional and Self-management Variables in Learning and Assessment

Kyllonen, P. C. (2016) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118956588.ch8 · Cited by 22

The utility of joint use of the Low Self-Control Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale in explaining adolescent deviance

Li, J., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2019) · European Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/1477370819845745 · Cited by 24

The Relationship of Self-control, Procrastination, Motivational Interference and Regret with School Grades and Life Balance

Kuhnle, C., Hofer, M., & Kilian, B. (2011) · Social Science Open Access Repository (GESIS – Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences) · Cited by 19

Predicting Substance Abuse in a Sample of Nigerian Undergraduate Students: The Role of Core Self-evaluations and Delay of Gratification

Abikoye, G. E., & Adekoya, J. A. (2010) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-010-0047-9 · Cited by 19

Health and wages

(2007) · Routledge advanced texts in economics and finance · doi:10.4324/9780203972304.pt4 · Cited by 19

The Impact of Education on Personality: Evidence from a German High School Reform

Dahmann, S. C., & Silke Anger, B. (2015) · DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen) · doi:10.17185/duepublico/70913 · Cited by 19

Grit and Self -Control as Predictors of First-Year Student Success

Stewart, S. B. (2015) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 18

Breastfeeding and the Development of Socio-Emotional Competencies: A Systematic Review

Turner, S., Maruyama, J. M., Matijasevich, A., & Pastor‐Valero, M. (2019) · Breastfeeding Medicine · doi:10.1089/bfm.2019.0147 · Cited by 18

Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment: How Important Are Children’s Personality Characteristics?

Holtmann, A. C., Menze, L., & Solga, H. (2021) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764221996779 · Cited by 18

Religious self-regulation, self-determination, resilience, and conflict management strategies in a community sample of international Muslim students in Pakistan

Ashraf, F., Zareen, G., & Yıldırım, M. (2023) · Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work Social Thought · doi:10.1080/15426432.2023.2167255 · Cited by 36

Predicting Retention in Honors Programs

McKay, K. S. (2009) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 18

Social origin, conscientiousness, and school grades: Does early socialization of the characteristics orderliness and focus contribute to the reproduction of social inequality?

Kaiser, T., & Diewald, M. (2014) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2014.07.001 · Cited by 18

The effect of early noncognitive skills on social outcomes in adolescence

Coneus, K., & Laucht, M. (2011) · Education Economics · doi:10.1080/09645292.2010.547720 · Cited by 18

Intelligenz: kein Mythos, sondern Realität

Stern, E., & Neubauer, A. C. (2016) · Psychologische Rundschau · doi:10.1026/0033-3042/a000290 · Cited by 25

Noncognitive proponents' conflation of “cognitive skills” and “cognition” and its implications

Kell, H. J. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.025 · Cited by 25

Time Preferences and Their Life Outcome Correlates: Evidence from a Representative Survey

Horn, D., & Kiss, H. J. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236486 · Cited by 18

The roles of non-cognitive and cognitive skills in the life course development of adult health inequalities

Carter, J. L., Richards, M., Hotopf, M. H., & Hatch, S. L. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.041 · Cited by 19

The Relations Among University Students’ Academic Self-efficacy, Academic Motivation, and Self-control and Self-management Levels

Arık, S. (2019) · International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies · doi:10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.4p.23 · Cited by 18

Changing Learner Beliefs in South African Townships: An Evaluation of a Growth Mindset Intervention

Porter, T., Martinus, A., Ross, R., Cyster, C. F., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2020) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550620909738 · Cited by 21

Relationships between intelligence, executive function and academic achievement in children born very preterm

Dai, D. W. T., Wouldes, T. A., Brown, G., Tottman, A. C., Alsweiler, J. M., Gamble, G. D., & Harding, J. E. (2020) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105122 · Cited by 25

Onwards and upwards: The development, piloting and validation of a new measure of academic tenacity- The Bolton Uni-Stride Scale (BUSS)

Kannangara, C. S., Allen, R. E., Carson, J. F., Khan, S. Z. N., Waugh, G., & Kandadi, K. R. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235157 · Cited by 21

From asking to observing. Behavioural measures of socio-emotional and motivational skills in large-scale assessments

Borgonovi, F., Ferrara, A., & Piacentini, M. (2023) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102874 · Cited by 23

The Contribution of Personality and Intelligence Toward Cognitive Competences in Higher Education

Cerni, T., Benedetto, A. D., & Rumiati, R. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621990 · Cited by 23

Potential factors influencing Indigenous education participation and achievement

Cameron, T., & Biddle, N. (2012) · Cited by 18

A Psychological Approach to Human Capital

Kell, H. J., Robbins, S. B., Su, R., & Brenneman, M. W. (2018) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/ets2.12218 · Cited by 23

Perceived—and not manipulated—self-control depletion predicts students’ achievement outcomes in foreign language assessments

Lindner, C., & Retelsdorf, J. (2019) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410.2019.1661975 · Cited by 19

Learning

Ford, N. J. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-741-6.ch002 · Cited by 19

Bullying among Adolescents: The Role of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills

Sarzosa, M., & Urzúa, S. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21631 · Cited by 19

Maternal education, home environments and the development of children and adolescents

Carneiro, P., Meghir, C., & Parey, M. (2017) · doi:10.1920/wp.cem.2010.3910 · Cited by 18

Genetic and environmental architecture of conscientiousness in adolescence

Takahashi, Y., Zheng, A., Yamagata, S., & Ando, J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82781-5 · Cited by 21

Gray matter correlates of impulsivity in psychopathy and in the general population differ by kind, not by degree: a comparison of systematic reviews

Korponay, C. H., & Koenigs, M. R. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab045 · Cited by 17

Mothers’ nonstandard work schedules and children’s behavior problems: Divergent patterns by maternal education

Wang, J. (2023) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2023.100784 · Cited by 17

Is Teacher Accountability Possible? The Case of Norwegian High School Science

Christophersen, K.-A. A., Elstad, E., & Turmo, A. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2010.508906 · Cited by 17

No effects of ingesting or rinsing sucrose on depleted self-control performance

Boyle, N. B., Lawton, C. L., Allen, R. J., Croden, F., Smith, K., & Dye, L. (2015) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.019 · Cited by 17

Developing Intelligence through Instruction

Nickerson, R. S. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977244.007 · Cited by 19

Consistent Performance Differences between Children and Adults Despite Manipulation of Cue-Target Variables

Bauer, J.-R., Martinez, J. E., Roe, M. A., & Church, J. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01304 · Cited by 17

A cognitive cost of the need to achieve?

Modrek, A., & Kuhn, D. (2017) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.08.003 · Cited by 20

How to Have Your Cake and Eat It Too: Strategic Indulgence in Big-Time Collegiate Sports Among Academically Successful Students

Jia, L., Hirt, E. R., & Koh, A. H. Q. (2018) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550618789403 · Cited by 18

Training Inhibition and Social Cognition in the Classrooms

Honoré, N., Houssa, M., Volckaert, A., Noël, M., & Nader‐Grosbois, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01974 · Cited by 22

Non-Cognitive skills and the growing achievement Gap⋆

Liu, A. (2020) · Research in Social Stratification and Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100546 · Cited by 17

What do test scores really capture? Evidence from a large-scale student assessment in Mexico

Hoyos, R. E. D., Estrada, R., & Vargas, M. J. (2021) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105524 · Cited by 17

The Spillover Effects of Grade-Retained Classmates: Evidence from Urban Elementary Schools

Gottfried, M. A. (2013) · American Journal of Education · doi:10.1086/669851 · Cited by 17

Does Fertility Status Influence Impulsivity and Risk Taking in Human Females? Adaptive Influences on Intertemporal Choice and Risky Decision Making

Farnaz Kaighobadi, A., & Stevens, J. R. (2013) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/147470491301100314 · Cited by 17

Early identification of reading disabilities

Catts, H. W. (2017) · Studies in written language and literacy · doi:10.1075/swll.15.18cat · Cited by 17

The Effects of Educational Experiences on Personality Trait Development

Jackson, J. J. (2013) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e571452013-011 · Cited by 17

Pretend play as the space for development of self-regulation: cultural-historical perspective

Brėdikytė, M., & Brandišauskienė, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1186512 · Cited by 28

Mental Health and Academic Performance in Adolescents: Elucidating the Role of Psychological Well‐Being and Psychological Distress. DADOS Study

Monzonís‐Carda, I., Adelantado‐Renau, M., Beltran‐Valls, M. R., & Moliner‐Urdiales, D. (2025) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23382 · Cited by 25

An Intervention to Retrain Attributions Using CBT: A Pilot Study

Bosnjak, A., Boyle, C., & Chodkiewicz, A. R. (2017) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2017.1 · Cited by 16

Early word decoding ability as a longitudinal predictor of academic performance

Nordström, T., Jacobson, C., & Söderberg, P. (2015) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-015-0258-5 · Cited by 26

The Relationship Between Academic Achievement and Likelihood of Police Arrest Among Delinquents

Yun, I., Cheong, J., & Walsh, A. (2013) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x13482882 · Cited by 16

Prospective thinking and decision making in primary school age children

Lombardi, E., Dio, C. D., Castelli, I., Massaro, D., & Marchetti, A. (2017) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00323 · Cited by 18

Is College and Career Readiness Adequately Addressed in Annual and Postsecondary Goals?

Lombardi, A. R., Kern, L., Flannery, K. B., & Doren, B. (2017) · Journal of Disability Policy Studies · doi:10.1177/1044207317716147 · Cited by 16

Correlation between higher-order thinking skills and level of intelligence with scientific literacy on junior high school students

Yuriza, P. E., Adisyahputra, A., & Sigit, D. V. (2018) · Biosfer · doi:10.21009/biosferjpb.11-1.2 · Cited by 18

Out of Control: Examining the Association Between Family Conflict and Self-Control in Adolescence in a Genetically Sensitive Design

Willems, Y. E., de Zeeuw, E. L., van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Boomsma, D. I., Bartels, M., & Finkenauer, C. (2019) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.017 · Cited by 17

Using Cognitive Behavioural Techniques to Improve Academic Achievement in Student-Athletes

Firth-Clark, A., Sütterlin, S., & Lugo, R. G. (2019) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci9020089 · Cited by 17

The Hidden Curriculum and the Development of Latent skills: The Praxis

Abroampa, W. K. (2020) · Journal of Curriculum and Teaching · doi:10.5430/jct.v9n2p70 · Cited by 17

Empirical benchmarks for changes in social and emotional skills over time

Soland, J. G., Rimm‐Kaufman, S. E., Kuhfeld, M. R., & Ventura‐Abbas, N. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13741 · Cited by 16

The Role of Mindset in Education: A Large-Scale Field Experiment in Disadvantaged Schools

Huillery, É., Bouguen, A., Charpentier, A., Algan, Y., & Chevallier, C. (2025) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1093/ej/ueaf015 · Cited by 20

Academic abilities, education and performance in the stock market

Talpsepp, T., Liivamägi, K., & Vaarmets, T. (2020) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105848 · Cited by 19

Personality and the Self

Robinson, M. D., & Sedikides, C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.031 · Cited by 18

The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Consensus and Controversy

McCrae, R. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.013 · Cited by 20

in Predicting Academic Performance of Adolescents

Iq, S.-D. O., Duckworth, A. L., Seligman, M. E. P., Angela, A., Duckworth, L., & Psychology, P. (2010)

Does Self-control Outdo IQ in Predicting Academic Performance?

Vazsonyi, A. T., Javakhishvili, M., & Blatný, M. (2021) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-021-01539-4 · Cited by 26

The Role of Self-discipline in Predicting Achievement for 10th Graders

Zhao, R., & Kuo, Y.-L. (2015) · International journal of intelligence technologies and applied statistics · doi:10.6148/ijitas.2015.0801.05 · Cited by 11

Grit and self‐discipline as predictors of effort and academic attainment

Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2018) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12241 · Cited by 142

Intelligence is not enough: Non -IQ predictors of achievement

Duckworth, A. L. (2006) · Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 42