Implicit Prejudice Toward Injecting Drug Users Predicts Intentions to Change Jobs Among Drug and Alcohol Nurses
Open accessAbstract
The meaning and importance of implicit prejudice is a source of considerable debate. One way to advance this debate is to assess whether implicit prejudice can predict independent variance, beyond that predicted by explicit prejudice, in meaningful and unambiguous behaviors or behavioral intentions. In the current research, drug and alcohol nurses reported their level of stress working with injecting drug users, their job satisfaction, their explicit prejudice toward injecting drug users, and their intentions to leave drug and alcohol nursing. The nurses also completed the Single Category Implicit Association Test, which measured their implicit prejudice toward injecting drug users. Analyses revealed that implicit prejudice was a significant mediator, beyond explicit prejudice and job satisfaction, of the relation between job stress and intention to change jobs.
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von Hippel 2008 found the relation between stress and intention to change jobs was significantly mediated by the nurses' implicit prejudice, not explicit prejudice.
“The relation between stress and intention to change jobs significantly mediated by the nurses’ implicit prejudice, not explicit prejudice.”
From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
von Hippel 2008 found challenging behaviours by IDUs predicted self-reported stress of nurses, which, in turn, predicted intention to change jobs.
“Challenging behaviours by IDUs predicted self-reported stress of nurses, which, in turn, predicted intention to change jobs.”
From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
In one study, implicit prejudice of nurses towards injecting drug users significantly mediated the relationship between job stress and their intention to change jobs.
“In one study, implicit prejudice of nurses towards injecting drug users significantly mediated the relationship between job stress and their intention to change jobs [48].”
From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
Two British studies examine bias against brain-injured patients who are perceived as having contributed to their injury, and two Australian studies looked at bias against intravenous drug users.
“two British studies examine bias against brain-injured patients who are perceived as having contributed to their injury [58, 59], and two Australian studies looked at bias against intravenous drug users [48, 49]”
From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [48]
Cites
The Single Category Implicit Association Test as a measure of implicit social cognition.
Karpinski, A., & Steinman, R. B. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.16 · Cited by 1,108 · cited 4× · see citing works
“After finishing these self-report items, participants completed the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT; Karpinski & Steinman, 2007), which measured implicit attitudes toward IDUs.”
MethodInfluentialAutomatic processing in spider phobia: Implicit fear associations over the course of treatment.
Teachman, B. A., & Woody, S. R. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.1.100 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
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Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review
FitzGerald, C., & Hurst, S. (2017) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8 · Cited by 2,398 · see citing works
van Boekel, L. C., Brouwers, E. P. M., van Weeghel, J., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018 · Cited by 1,810 · see citing works
Zestcott, C. A., Blair, I. V., & Stone, J. (2016) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430216642029 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
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Unconscious (Implicit) Bias and Health Disparities: Where Do We Go from Here?
Blair, I. V., Steiner, J. F., & Havranek, E. P. (2011) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/11.979 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
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- Authors
- von Hippel, W., Brener, L., & von Hippel, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Queensland
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- ORCID
- Brener, Loren
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-11
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2149075428
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 19.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- handle.unsw.edu.au
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- implicit prejudice, explicit prejudice, people who inject drugs, occupational stress, job satisfaction, Single Category Implicit Association Test, nursing workforce
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Attitude of Health Personnel, Career Mobility, Empathy, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, New South Wales, Nurses, Personality Inventory, Prejudice, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Intention
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