The DOI matches its Crossref record; 127 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EDUCATION AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN THE REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION*
Open accessAbstract
ABSTRACT This paper provides an empirical study of the determinants of income inequality across regions of the EU. Using the European Community Household Panel dataset for 102 regions over the period 1995–2000, it analyses how microeconomic changes in human capital distribution affect income inequality for the population as a whole and for normally working people. The different static and dynamic panel data analyses conducted reveal that the relationship between income per capita and income inequality, as well as between a good human capital endowment and income inequality is positive. High levels of inequality in educational attainment are also associated with higher income inequality. The above results are robust to changes in the definition of income distribution and may be interpreted as a sign of the responsiveness of the EU labor market to differences in qualifications and skills. Other results indicate that population ageing, female participation in the labor force, urbanization, agriculture, and industry are negatively associated to income inequality, while unemployment and the presence of a strong financial sector positively affect inequality. Finally, income inequality is lower in social‐democratic welfare states, in Protestant areas, and in regions with Nordic family structures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Secondly, income and income inequality are connected to educational attainment and inequality thereof, since a certain wealth and income is necessary to complete higher educational levels and higher educational attainment is associated with better paid jobs ([44, 50], pp. 389 -390).”
From The opportunity of shared autonomous vehicles to improve spatial equity in accessibility and socio-economic developments in European urban areas (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Arellano, M., & Bond, S. (1991) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297968 · Cited by 33,272
A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity
White, H. (1980) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912934 · Cited by 25,861
Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(98)00009-8 · Cited by 22,571
Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models
Arellano, M., & Bover, O. (1995) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-d · Cited by 19,880
Spence, M. (1973) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1882010 · Cited by 19,252
Specification Tests in Econometrics
Hausman, J. A. (1978) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913827 · Cited by 18,820
The three worlds of welfare capitalism
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-1046 · Cited by 16,528
Econometric Analysis of Panel Data
Baltagi, B. H. (2021) · Springer Texts in Business and Economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53953-5 · Cited by 15,104
Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1995) · Working Paper Series · doi:10.1920/wp.ifs.1995.9517 · Cited by 14,755
Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach
Wooldridge, J. M. (1999) · Cited by 14,354
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Becker Gary S., 1966, Economics of Education and Distribution of Earnings, American Economic Review, 56, 358
- Gujarati Damodar N, 2003, Basic Econometrics
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe)
Freeman, A., Tyrovolas, S., Koyanagi, A., Chatterji, S., Leonardi, M., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., Tobiasz‐Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S. V. P., Rummel‐Kluge, C., & Haro, J. M. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3638-0 · Cited by 494
Nonlinearity in the financial development–income inequality nexus
Kim, D.-H., & Lin, S.-C. (2011) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2011.07.002 · Cited by 209
Urbanization and income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sulemana, I., Nketiah-Amponsah, E., Codjoe, E., & Andoh, J. A. N. (2019) · Sustainable cities and society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101544 · Cited by 182
Innovation and spatial inequality in Europe and USA
Lee, N., & Rodríguez‐Pose, A. (2012) · Journal of Economic Geography · doi:10.1093/jeg/lbs022 · Cited by 174
Self-citationExport structures, income inequality and urban-rural divide in China
Zhu, S., Yu, C., & He, C. (2020) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102150 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- Rodríguez‐Pose, A., & Tselios, V.
- Affiliations
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rodríguez‐Pose, Andrés
- Tselios, Vassilis
- Venue
- Journal of Regional Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 411-437
- ISSN
- 0022-4146 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9787
- OpenAlex
- W1524038166
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 24.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Regional Science (publishedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (submittedVersion)
- LSE Research Online Documents on Economics (submittedVersion)
- Econstor (Econstor) (submittedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G005966/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic Growth and Productivity
- Keywords
- income inequality, human capital, educational attainment, regional disparities, European Union regions, per capita income, labor market segmentation, population aging, female labor force participation, urbanization, unemployment, financial services, social democratic welfare state, Protestantism, family structure, determinants of inequality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review