Criterion‐Related Validity of Dutch Police‐Selection Measures and Differences Between Ethnic Groups

“Many of these studies focused on cognitive ability (or g), which has been found to be a consistently good predictor of job performance across a variety of occupations ( Schmidt & Hunter, 1998, 2004 ).”

“First, with regard to the personality questionnaire, it is expected ‐ in line with the results of a meta-analysis by Barrick et al. (2001) ‐ that only the Big Five factor Conscientiousness will have a comparable predictive power to the cognitive ability test (Hypothesis 1a).”

“Both Kanfer and Ackerman (1989), and Salas and Cannon-Bowers (2001) have shown that cognitive ability also is essential in the training context with respect to workplace learning.”

“Both Kanfer and Ackerman (1989), and Salas and Cannon-Bowers (2001) have shown that cognitive ability also is essential in the training context with respect to workplace learning.”

“Many of these studies focused on cognitive ability (or g), which has been found to be a consistently good predictor of job performance across a variety of occupations ( Schmidt & Hunter, 1998, 2004 ).”

“Many of these studies focused on cognitive ability (or g), which has been found to be a consistently good predictor of job performance across a variety of occupations (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998, 2004). In particular for more complex job levels, the predictive validity of g is high (Hunter, 1986). Both Kanfer and Ackerman…”

“Both the AC and the employment interview have shown to have acceptable predictive validity for (police) job performance as well as (police) training success (Dayan et al., 2002; McDaniel, Whetzel, Schmidt, & Maurer, 1994; Pynes & Bernardin, 1989; Robertson & Smith, 2001).”

“However, this is a common phenomenon when different items of a certain measure are behaviorally based and do not measure an underlying construct (e.g., Motowidlo, Dunnette, & Carter, 1990 ).”

“One important problem of taking ethnic group membership as part of an interaction term (group membership then becomes a moderator) into a regression equation, is that group sizes should be about the same in order to have adequate statistical power (Aguinis & Stone-Romero, 1997).”

“However, Salgado et al. (2003) reported much lower (corrected) predictive power for cognitive ability tests in police occupations, namely .24.”

“Other researchers have reported a strong effect of g in several large-scale studies in military settings on training performance (Olea & Ree, 1994; Ree, Carretta, & Teachout, 1995; Ree & Earles, 1991).”

“Murphy and Dzieweczynski (2005) discuss three reasons why the Big Five dimensions of personality seem to have little to do with performance in most jobs.”

“Other researchers have reported a strong effect of g in several large-scale studies in military settings on training performance ( Olea & Ree, 1994; Ree, Carretta, & Teachout, 1995; Ree & Earles, 1991).”

“Cortina et al. (1992) found similar results.”

“Other researchers have reported a strong effect of g in several large-scale studies in military settings on training performance (Olea & Ree, 1994; Ree, Carretta, & Teachout, 1995; Ree & Earles, 1991).”

“Most research in this area has been conduced in North America (e.g., Hunter, Schmidt, & Hunter, 1979; Rotundo & Sackett, 1999) and has used cognitive ability tests as predictors.”

“Yet, evidence has been found that differences between the ethnic majority and the ethnic minority group in cognitive ability test scores are considerably larger than the differences in measures of job performance (e.g., Roth, Huffcutt, & Bobko, 2003; Waldman & Avolio, 1991).”

“One possible explanation for the relatively low validities of cognitive ability tests lies in the potential role of non-cognitive factors in the determination of performance in police work as stated by, e.g., Hirsh et al. (1986).”

“Only the correlations corrected for direct range restriction and attenuation (for the formulae see Bobko, Roth, & Bobko, 2001 ) are shown (for the uncorrected correlations, the first author may be contacted).”

“Although cognitive ability is likely to be correlated with performance in virtually any job or training, in part because all jobs and trainings for these jobs call for some learning, judgment, and active information processing (Murphy, 2002), Hirsh et al. (1986) argued that noncognitive, behavioral, dimensions, such a…”

“At the same time, several studies (e.g., Goldstein, Zedeck, & Goldstein, 2002; Murphy, 2002; Outtz, 2002) have shown that cognitive ability tests represent the predictor that most likely will have substantial adverse impact on employment opportunities for most ethnic minority groups.”

“In support of this explanation, Dayan et al. (2002) reported that over 50% of the calls to police departments are about dealing with emotional situations, dealing with threatening and violent people, and settling family disputes. In addition, they found that for police performance, cognitive and non-cognitive factors…”

“Most research in this area has been conduced in North America (e.g., Hunter, Schmidt, & Hunter, 1979; Rotundo & Sackett, 1999 ) and has used cognitive ability tests as predictors.”

“…any job or training, in part because all jobs and trainings for these jobs call for some learning, judgment, and active information processing (Murphy, 2002), Hirsh et al. (1986) argued that noncognitive, behavioral, dimensions, such as interpersonal skills, play a major role in the…”

“Both the AC and the employment interview have shown to have acceptable predictive validity for (police) job performance as well as (police) training success (Dayan et al., 2002; McDaniel, Whetzel, Schmidt, & Maurer, 1994; Pynes & Bernardin, 1989; Robertson & Smith, 2001).”

“In support of this explanation, Dayan et al. (2002) reported that over 50% of the calls to police departments are about dealing with emotional situations, dealing with threatening and violent people, and settling family disputes.”

“While still much work needs to be done in relation to construct validity, a widely accepted position is that predictive validity is the same, or practically the same, for different cultural groups in Europe (e.g. Nijenhuis and Flier, 1997; Salgado et al., 2003; Meijer et al., 2008).”

“Findings concerning Shapes were in line with the results obtained by de Meijer et al. (2008), who did not fi nd signi fi - cant personality test predictions.”

“Las medidas de formación que utilizamos en este trabajo difieren considerablemente de las utilizadas por Meijer et al (2008).”