The science of training: a decade of progress

Salas, Eduardo; Cannon-Bowers, Janis A.

doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.471

Cited by 1,703Human Resource Development and Performance EvaluationInnovative Education and Learning PracticesCompetency Development and Evaluation

The science of training: a decade of progress

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Salas, Eduardo, Cannon-Bowers, Janis A.·2001·Annual Review of Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.471

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Abstract

▪ Abstract This chapter reviews the training research literature reported over the past decade. We describe the progress in five areas of research including training theory, training needs analysis, antecedent training conditions, training methods and strategies, and posttraining conditions. Our review suggests that advancements have been made that help us understand better the design and delivery of training in organizations, with respect to theory development as well as the quality and quantity of empirical research. We have new tools for analyzing requisite knowledge and skills, and for evaluating training. We know more about factors that influence training effectiveness and transfer of training. Finally, we challenge researchers to find better ways to translate the results of training research into practice.

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An effective training programme is built on four basic principles: setting training goals, demonstration of knowledge and skills, practice or rehearsal of skills, and provision of feedback to trainees during and after practice.
“An effective training programme is built on four basic principles: (1) setting training goals involving provision of information or concepts to be learned, (2) demonstration of knowledge and skills to be learned, (3) practice or rehearsal of skills learned and (4) provision of feedback to trainees during and after practice.92,93”
From Behaviour change techniques: the development and evaluation of a taxonomic method for reporting and describing behaviour change interventions (a suite of five studies involving consensus methods, randomised controlled trials and analysis of qualitative data) (2015) · cites this paper as [92]

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“…but lose the internal validity advantages that accrue from random assignment (Fong, Krantz & Nisbett, 1986; Lehman, Lempert & Nisbett, 1988; Lehman & Nis-bett, 1990); and 6) limited study of the moderating effects of individual differences beyond cognitive ability (Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2001).”
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“Both Kanfer and Ackerman (1989), and Salas and Cannon-Bowers (2001) have shown that cognitive ability also is essential in the training context with respect to workplace learning.”
Background

Antecedent (Preventive) Intervention
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An investigation of training activities and transfer of training in organizations
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Authors: Salas, E., & Cannon-Bowers, J. A.
Affiliations: Department of Psychology and Institute for Simulation & Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-1390;
Venue: Annual Review of Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2001-02
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 471-499
ISSN: 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
1545-2085
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.471
OpenAlex: W2120380779
Cited by: 1,703
References: 159
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 104
FWCI: 9.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
stars.library.ucf.edu
Locations: Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research (submittedVersion)
Funders: University of Central Florida
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Innovative Education and Learning Practices
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Competency Development and Evaluation
Keywords: employee training, training theory, training needs assessment, training effectiveness, transfer of training, training evaluation, translating research into practice
MeSH terms: Cognition, Humans, Learning, Motivation, Psychological Theory, Teaching, Self Efficacy

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The science of training: a decade of progress

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