The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of Yixianornis grabaui
Open accessAbstract
In studies of the evolution of avian flight there has been a singular preoccupation with unravelling its origin. By contrast, the complex changes in morphology that occurred between the earliest form of avian flapping flight and the emergence of the flight capabilities of extant birds remain comparatively little explored. Any such work has been limited by a comparative paucity of fossils illuminating bird evolution near the origin of the clade of extant (i.e. ‘modern’) birds (Aves). Here we recognize three species from the Early Cretaceous of China as comprising a new lineage of basal ornithurine birds. Ornithurae is a clade that includes, approximately, comparatively close relatives of crown clade Aves (extant birds) and that crown clade. The morphology of the best‐preserved specimen from this newly recognized Asian diversity, the holotype specimen of Yixianornis grabaui Zhou and Zhang 2001 , complete with finely preserved wing and tail feather impressions, is used to illustrate the new insights offered by recognition of this lineage. Hypotheses of avian morphological evolution and specifically proposed patterns of change in different avian locomotor modules after the origin of flight are impacted by recognition of the new lineage. The complete articulated holotype specimen of Yixianornis grabaui , from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, in north‐eastern China, arguably the best‐preserved basal ornithurine specimen yet discovered, provides the earliest evidence consistent with the presence of extant avian tail feather fanning.
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“Advanced ornithurans, which have musculoskeletal morphologies indicative of powerful flight comparable to extant birds [5], [108], [109] occur at least 50 million years before the oldest known neornithine [110], [111].”
From Assessing Arboreal Adaptations of Bird Antecedents: Testing the Ecological Setting of the Origin of the Avian Flight Stroke (2011) · cites this paper as [108]
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“Clarke JA, Zhou Z, Zhang F (2006) Insight into the evolution of avian flight from a new clade of Early Cretaceous ornithurines from China and the morphology of Yixianornis grabaui.”
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“The ribs are long and straight and show no signs of uncinate processes, which are present in adult Archaeorhynchus (Zhou and Zhang, 2006) and many other Pygostylia (Chiappe et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2001; Clarke et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2015).”
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“, 2006) and their counterparts, the more phylogenetically crownward ornithurines (Zhou & Zhang, 2006), except as characters for cladistic analysis (Clarke et al., 2006).”
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MethodResultThe Lithornithiformes (Aves) from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton‐on‐the‐Naze (Essex, UK)
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“For example, the tooth row in the premaxilla is shifted caudally with the cranial portion of the premaxillae edentulous, as seen slightly present in some fully toothed ornithuromorphs such as Yanornis martiti and Yixianornis grabaui, and maxillary teeth are lost and dentary teeth become restricted to the tip of the ro…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Clarke, J. A., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, F.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Clarke, Julia A.
- Venue
- Journal of Anatomy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 208
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 287-308
- ISSN
- 0021-8782 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7580
- PMC
- PMC2100246
- OpenAlex
- W2060028132
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Anatomy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Museum of Natural History
- North Carolina State University
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Keywords
- avian flight evolution, Ornithurae, basal birds, Lower Cretaceous, Jiufotang Formation, holotype
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Birds, Bone and Bones, China, Biological Evolution, Feathers, Flight, Animal, Fossils, Phylogeny, Tail
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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