The facial skeleton of the chimpanzee‐human last common ancestor
Open accessAbstract
This review uses the current morphological evidence to evaluate the facial morphology of the hypothetical last common ancestor (LCA) of the chimpanzee/bonobo (panin) and human (hominin) lineages. Some of the problems involved in reconstructing ancestral morphologies so close to the formation of a lineage are discussed. These include the prevalence of homoplasy and poor phylogenetic resolution due to a lack of defining derived features. Consequently the list of hypothetical features expected in the face of the LCA is very limited beyond its hypothesized similarity to extant Pan. It is not possible to determine with any confidence whether the facial morphology of any of the current candidate LCA taxa (Ardipithecus kadabba, Ardipithecus ramidus, Orrorin tugenensis and Sahelanthropus tchadensis) is representative of the LCA, or a stem hominin, or a stem panin or, in some cases, a hominid predating the emergence of the hominin lineage. The major evolutionary trends in the hominin lineage subsequent to the LCA are discussed in relation to the dental arcade and dentition, subnasal morphology and the size, position and prognathism of the facial skeleton.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No extant African hominoid presents an ideal facial morphotype for the chimpanzee-human ancestor.
“no extant African hominoid presents an ideal facial morphotype for the chimphuman ancestor 8”
From The evolutionary history of the human face (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Lovejoy, C. O. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.211.4480.341 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D. R., Mackaye, H. T., Likius, A., Djimdoumalbaye, A., Beauvilain, A., Blondel, C., Bocherens, H., Boisserie, J., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00879 · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Dennell, R. (1986) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/0305-4403(86)90058-0 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia
White, T. D., Asfaw, B., DeGusta, D., Gilbert, H., Richards, G. D., Suwa, G., & Clark Howell, F. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01669 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia
White, T. D., Suwa, G., & Asfaw, B. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371306a0 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
The Seed-Eaters: A New Model of Hominid Differentiation Based on a Baboon Analogy
Jolly, C. J. (1970) · Man · doi:10.2307/2798801 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Early Hominid Posture and Locomotion.
Rawling, C. P., & Robinson, J. T. (1974) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800701 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
Mitterœcker, P., Gunz, P., Bernhard, M., Schæfer, K., & Bookstein, F. L. (2004) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.03.006 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Tobias, P. V. (1967) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511897795 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
First hominid from the Miocene (Lukeino Formation, Kenya)
Sénut, B., Pickford, M. H. L., Gommery, D., Mein, P., Cheboi, K., & Coppens, Y. (2001) · Comptes Rendus de l Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science · doi:10.1016/s1251-8050(01)01529-4 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
The Seed-Eaters: A New Model of Hominid Differentiation Based on a Baboon Analogy
Jolly, C. J. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315127408-48 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Australopithecus garhi : A New Species of Early Hominid from Ethiopia
Asfaw, B., White, T. D., Lovejoy, O., Latimer, B., Simpson, S. W., & Suwa, G. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Diet and the evolution of the earliest human ancestors
Teaford, M. F., & Ungar, P. S. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.260368897 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Evolutionary History of the “Robust” australopithecines
Harrison, T. (1991) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/bf02547562 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia
Haile‐Selassie, Y. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084063 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
Troubled times: Violence and warfare in the past
Milner, G. R. (2000) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(2000)112:2 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
The evolution and development of cranial form in <i>Homo</i> <i>sapiens</i>
Lieberman, D. E., McBratney, B. M., & Krovitz, G. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.022440799 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Jaw movement and tooth use in recent and fossil primates
Kay, R. F., & Hiiemäe, K. M. (1974) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330400210 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
The nut‐crackers – a new theory of the adaptations of the Ramapithecinae
Kay, R. F. (1981) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550202 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages
Leakey, M. G., Spoor, F., Brown, F. H., Gathogo, P. N., Kiarie, C., Leakey, L., & McDougall, I. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35068500 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The brain of Homo habilis: A new level of organization in cerebral evolution
Tobias, P. V. (1987) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90022-4 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
The dentition of the Australopithecinae
Robinson, J. T. (1956) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Intrasexual competition and canine dimorphism in anthropoid primates
Plavcan, J. M., & van Schaik, C. P. (1992) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330870407 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Primate molecular divergence dates
Steiper, M. E., & Young, N. M. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.021 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
2.5-Myr Australopithecus boisei from west of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Walker, A., Leakey, R. E. F., Harris, J. M., & Brown, F. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/322517a0 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Origin of Human Bipedalism As an Adaptation for Locomotion on Flexible Branches
Thorpe, S. K. S., Holder, R. L., & Crompton, R. H. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1140799 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Virtual cranial reconstruction of Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Zollikofer, C. P. E., de León, M. S. P., Lieberman, D. E., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D. R., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P., & Brunet, M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03397 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya
Spoor, F., Leakey, M. G., Gathogo, P. N., Brown, F. H., Antón, S. C., McDougall, I., Kiarie, C., Manthi, F. K., & Leakey, L. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05986 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus
White, T. D., WoldeGabriel, G., Asfaw, B., Ambrose, S., Beyene, Y., Bernor, R. L., Boisserie, J., Currie, B. S., Gilbert, H., Haile‐Selassie, Y., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04629 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
New material of the earliest hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad
Brunet, M., Guy, F., Pilbeam, D. R., Lieberman, D. E., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., de León, M. S. P., Zollikofer, C. P. E., & Vignaud, P. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03392 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Rightmire, G. P., Lordkipanidze, D., & Vekua, A. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.07.009 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Arsuaga, J. L., Martı́nez, I., Gràcia, A., Carretero, J. M., & Carbonell, E. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362534a0 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Rak, Y. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2013-0-07547-0 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Morphology of Australopithecus anamensis from Kanapoi and Allia Bay, Kenya
Ward, C. V., Leakey, M. G., & Walker, A. (2001) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.2001.0507 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Late Miocene Teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and Early Hominid Dental Evolution
Haile‐Selassie, Y., Suwa, G., & White, T. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092978 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Rak, Y. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-576280-9.50006-7 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Competition, coalitions and canine size in primates
Plavcan, J. M., van Schaik, C. P., & Kappeler, P. M. (1995) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1995.1019 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Crompton, R. H., Vereecke, E. E., & Thorpe, S. K. S. (2008) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00870.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The Skull of Australopithecus afarensis
Kimbel, W. H., Rak, Y., Johanson, D. C., Holloway, R. L., & Yuan, M. S. (2004) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195157062.001.0001 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Interpreting hominid behavior on the basis of sexual dimorphism
Plavcan, J. M., & van Schaik, C. P. (1997) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0096 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Placing confidence limits on the molecular age of the human–chimpanzee divergence
Kumar, S., Filipski, A., Swarna, V., Walker, A., & Hedges, S. B. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509585102 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The skull of Australopithecus afarensis
Kimbel, W. H., Rak, Y., & Johanson, D. C. (2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-1028 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
McBrearty, S., & Jablonski, N. G. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04008 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Howell, F. C. (1978) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674431263.c11 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Dental development of the Taung skull from computerized tomography
Conroy, G. C., & Vannier, M. W. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/329625a0 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The genera and species of the australopithecinae
Robinson, J. (1954) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330120216 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Randomization procedures and sexual dimorphism inAustralopithecus afarensis
Lockwood, C. A., Richmond, B. G., Jungers, W. L., & Kimbel, W. H. (1996) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1996.0078 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
New Sivapithecus humeri from Pakistan and the relationship of Sivapithecus and Pongo
Pilbeam, D. R., Rose, M. D., Barry, J. C., & Shah, S. M. I. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/348237a0 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Andrews, P., & Martin, L. B. (1991) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0109 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia
White, T. D., Suwa, G., & Asfaw, B. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375088a0 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins
Feibel, C. S. (1998) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.1.212.1 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Ontogenetic integration of the hominoid face
ACKERMANN, R. (2005) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.11.001 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Bastir, M., & Rosas, A. (2004) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.009 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
White, T. D., Johanson, D. C., & Kimbel, W. H. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8854-8_29 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Guatelli‐Steinberg, D., & Lukacs, J. R. (1999) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1999)110:29+ · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Robust Australopithecine Face: A Morphogenetic Perspective
McCollum, M. A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5412.301 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Newly discovered fossil hominid skull from the Afar depression, Ethiopia
CONROY, G. C., JOLLY, C. J., CRAMER, D., & KALB, J. E. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/276067a0 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Hominins do not share a common postnatal facial ontogenetic shape trajectory
Cobb, S. N., & O’Higgins, P. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution · doi:10.1002/jez.b.21005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationY chromosome markers and trans-Bering Strait dispersals
Karafet, T. M., Zegura, S. L., Vuturo-Brady, J., Posukh, O. L., Osipova, L. P., Wiebe, V., Romero, F. C., Long, J. C., Harihara, S., Jin, F., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199703)102:3 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Middle Cranial Fossa Anatomy and the Origin of Modern Humans
Bastir, M., Rosas, A., Lieberman, D. E., & O’Higgins, P. (2008) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.20636 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Holloway, R. L. (1981) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330550312 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Enigmatic Anthropoid or Misunderstood Ape?
Harrison, T., & Rook, L. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0075-3_16 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
New hominid skull material from the late Miocene of Macedonia in Northern Greece
de Bonis, L., Bouvrain, G., Geraads, D., et al. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345712a0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Trends in the Evolution of Primate Mastication
Hiiemäe, K. M., & Kay, R. F. (1972) · Nature · doi:10.1038/240486a0 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Neandertal faces were not long; modern human faces are short
Trinkaus, E. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1433023100 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Wood, B. A. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/418133a · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Comparison of craniofacial features of major human groups
Hanihara, T. (1996) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199603)99:3 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Strait, D. S., Richmond, B. G., SPENCER, M., Ross, C. F., Dechow, P. C., & Wood, B. A. (2007) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.019 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism inAustralopithecus afarensis
McHenry, H. M. (1991) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/0047-2484(91)90043-u · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The paranasal sinuses of the anthropoid apes.
Cave, A. J. (1940) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
The hominoid radiation in Asia
Kelley, J. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 90 · see citing works
New Australopithecus boisei specimens from east and west Lake Turkana, Kenya
Leakey, R. E. F., & Walker, A. (1988) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330760102 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
de Bonis, L., & Koufos, G. D. (1993) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1993.1032 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Examining affinities of the Taung child by developmental simulation
McNulty, K. P., Frost, S. R., & Strait, D. S. (2006) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.04.005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Morphological affinities of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Late Miocene hominid from Chad) cranium
Guy, F., Lieberman, D. E., Pilbeam, D. R., de León, M. S. P., Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P., Zollikofer, C. P. E., & Brunet, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509564102 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Macho, G. A., Shimizu, D., Jiang, Y., et al. (2005) · The Anatomical Record Part A Discoveries in Molecular Cellular and Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1002/ar.a.20175 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Experimental stress analysis of topographic diversity in early hominid gnathic morphology
Ward, S., & Molnar, S. (1980) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330530310 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Hominoid evolution: synthesizing disparate data
Pilbeam, D. R., & Young, N. M. (2004) · Comptes Rendus Palevol · doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2004.01.006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Origin of the human canine: A new solution to an old enigma
Greenfield, L. O. (1992) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330350607 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Anterior sphenoid in modern humans
Spoor, F., O’Higgins, P., Dean, C., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/17505 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tools and Teeth: Some Speculations Regarding Canine Reduction1
Holloway, R. L. (1967) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1525/aa.1967.69.1.02a00070 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Melcher, A. H., Holowka, S. A., Pharoah, M. G., & Lewin, P. K. (1997) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199707)103:3 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Cranial morphometry of early hominids: Facial region
Bilsborough, A., & Wood, B. A. (1988) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330760107 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism in canine shape among extant great apes
Kelley, J. (1995) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330960405 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Endocranial volumes of early African hominids, and the role of the brain in human mosaic evolution
Holloway, R. L. (1973) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/0047-2484(73)90123-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Bones, stones, and molecules: "out of Africa" and human origins
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-2884 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Subnasal morphological variation in extant hominoids and fossil hominids
McCollum, M. A., Grine, F. E., Ward, S., et al. (1993) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.1993.1009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Exploring the dorsal surface of hominoid brain endocasts by stereoplotter and discriminant analysis
HOLLOWAY, R. L. (1981) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1981.0024 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
On Canine Reduction in Early Hominids
Jungers, W. L. (1978) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/202027 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Molecular Phylogeny and Dating of Early Primate Divergences
Eizirik, E., Murphy, W. J., Springer, M. S., & O’Brien, S. J. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8873-7_2 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Our ancestors' ancestor: Ouranopithecus is a greek link in human ancestry
de Bonis, L., & Koufos, G. D. (1994) · Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews · doi:10.1002/evan.1360030303 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Keith, A. (1915) · Williams and Norgate eBooks · doi:10.5962/bhl.title.150026 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Uniqueness and Diversity in Human Evolution: Morphometric Studies of Australopithecines.
Bilsborough, A., & OXNARD, C. E. (1976) · Man · doi:10.2307/2800448 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Genetic Diversity in Hominoid Primates
Ruvolo, M. (1997) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.26.1.515 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Trademarks must not go generic
White, N., & Cohen, S. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375432a0 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Tooth size and shape and their relevance to studies of hominid evolution
Wood, B. (1981) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1981.0014 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Matano, S., & Hirasaki, E. (1997) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199706)103:2 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Last Common Ancestor of Apes and Humans
Andrews, P., & Harrison, T. (2005) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789047416616_013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Earliest Hominins--Is Less More?
Begun, D. R. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1095516 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Alba, D. M., Moyà‐Solà, S., Köhler, M., et al. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600449.013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sivapithecus and hominoid evolution: some brief comments
Pilbeam, D. R., & Young, N. M. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600449.016 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
de Bonis, L., & Koufos, G. D. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600449.011 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Andrews, P. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376555a0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
DNA Systematics and Evolution of Primates
Miyamoto, M. M., & GOODMAN, M. H. (1990) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001213 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alba, D. M., Moyà‐Solà, S., & Köhler, M. (2001) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1006/jhev.2000.0439 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Late Miocene and Early Pliocene hominoids from Africa
Hill, A. N. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Relative dental development in hominoids and its failure to predict somatic growth velocity
Simpson, S. W., Lovejoy, C. O., & Meindl, R. S. (1991) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330860203 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Probable mutation effect” and the evolution of hominid teeth and jaws
Brues, A. M. (1966) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330250210 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
O’Higgins, P., & Elton, S. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1143571 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Phylogeny and sexually dimorphic characters: Canine reduction in Ouranopithecus
Kelley, J. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600449.012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Correlation of cranial and mandibular prognathism in extant and fossil hominids
Spoor, F., Leakey, M. G., & Leakey, L. (2005) · Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa · doi:10.1080/00359190509520482 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cranial capacity of a female robust australopithecine (KNM-ER 407) from Kenya
Falk, D., & Kasinga, S. (1983) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(83)80030-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Functional morphology of Ankarapithecus meteai
Andrews, P., & Alpagut, B. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511600449.009 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Canine reduction in early man: A critique of three mechanical models
Greenfield, L. O. (1990) · Human Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02437237 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199805)106:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Gröning F (2003) Zur endo-und intracranialen Variabilität der Frontalregion beim archaischen und modernen Homo sapiens in Afrika und Europa: Eine Studie mit Hilfe CT-basierender Rekonstruktion. Masters thesis. University of Hamburg.
- Holloway R (1978) Problems of brain endocast interpretation ana African hominid evolution. In Early Hominids of Africa (ed. Jolly CJ), pp. 379-401. London: Duckworth.
- Howell FC (1978) Hominidae. In Evolution of African Mammals (eds Maglio VJ, Cooke HBS), pp. 154-248. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- McHenry HM (1996) Homoplasy, clades and hominid phylogeny. In Contemporary Issues in Human Evolution (eds Meikle WF, Howells FC, Jablonski NG), pp. 77-92. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences.
- Robinson JT (1962) The origin and adaptive radiation of the aus- tralopithecines. In Evolution und Hominization (ed. Kurth G), pp. 120-140. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.
- Wood BA (1991) Koobi Fora Research Project IV: Hominid Cranial Remains from Koobi Fora. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The evolutionary history of the human face
Lacruz, R. S., Stringer, C. B., Kimbel, W. H., Wood, B., Harvati, K., O’Higgins, P., Bromage, T. G., & Arsuaga, J.-L. (2019) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0865-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Functional craniology and brain evolution: from paleontology to biomedicine
Bruner, E., de la Cuétara, J. M., Masters, M., Amano, H., & Ogihara, N. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2014.00019 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cobb, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Hull (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cobb, Samuel N.
- ORCID
- Cobb, Samuel N.
- Venue
- Journal of Anatomy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 212
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 469-485
- ISSN
- 0021-8782 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7580
- PMC
- PMC2409098
- OpenAlex
- W2051231927
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Anatomy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- facial skeleton, hominin evolution, Pan, Ardipithecus ramidus, Orrorin tugenensis, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, homoplasy, dentition, prognathism, facial morphology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anthropology, Physical, Pan troglodytes, Dentition, Biological Evolution, Facial Bones, Humans, Physiology, Comparative, Hominidae
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
