The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Listen to the noise: noise is beneficial for cognitive performance in ADHD
Abstract
Background: Noise is typically conceived of as being detrimental to cognitive performance. However, given the mechanism of stochastic resonance, a certain amount of noise can benefit performance. We investigate cognitive performance in noisy environments in relation to a neurocomputational model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dopamine. The Moderate Brain Arousal model (MBA; ) suggests that dopamine levels modulate how much noise is required for optimal cognitive performance. We experimentally examine how ADHD and control children respond to different encoding conditions, providing different levels of environmental stimulation. Methods: Participants carried out self‐performed mini tasks (SPT), as a high memory performance task, and a verbal task (VT), as a low memory task. These tasks were performed in the presence, or absence, of auditory white noise. Results: Noise exerted a positive effect on cognitive performance for the ADHD group and deteriorated performance for the control group, indicating that ADHD subjects need more noise than controls for optimal cognitive performance. Conclusions: The positive effect of white noise is explained by the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR), i.e., the phenomenon that moderate noise facilitates cognitive performance. The MBA model suggests that noise in the environment, introduces internal noise into the neural system through the perceptual system. This noise induces SR in the neurotransmitter systems and makes this noise beneficial for cognitive performance. In particular, the peak of the SR curve depends on the dopamine level, so that participants with low dopamine levels (ADHD) require more noise for optimal cognitive performance compared to controls.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Söderlund et al., (2007) recently studied the effects of white noise on performance and found a small but significant degree of facilitation amongst ADHD children.”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Söderlund et al., (2007)
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Mendelson, G. (1995) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048679509064964 · Cited by 2,592
Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD – a randomized, controlled trial
Klingberg, T., Fernell, E., Olesen, P. J., Johnson, M., Gustafsson, P., Dahlström, K., Gillberg, C. G., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200502000-00010 · Cited by 1,949 · cited 1×
“Klingberg and colleagues have attained remarkable results with Robomemo, a computer game that trains working memory (Klingberg et al., 2005).”
ResultNeuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn896 · Cited by 1,827
Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
Förstl, H. (2006) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747.54.1.68a · Cited by 1,308
MARTINUSSEN, R., HAYDEN, J., HOGG-JOHNSON, S., & TANNOCK, R. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73 · Cited by 1,297
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Preedy, V., & Watson, R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_5485 · Cited by 1,146
Stochastic resonance and sensory information processing: A tutorial and review of application
Moss, F., Ward, L. M., & Sannita, W. G. (2004) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.09.014 · Cited by 994
Neurobiology of Executive Functions: Catecholamine Influences on Prefrontal Cortical Functions
Arnsten, A. F. T., & Li, B.-M. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.019 · Cited by 948
Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD—a dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00432-6 · Cited by 901
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1111/1469-7610.00443 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wehmeier, P. M., Schacht, A., & Barkley, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.09.009 · Cited by 628
“Interestingly, there is some support for the hypothesis that moderate noise facilitates cognitive performance [43].”
BackgroundDoes noise affect learning? A short review on noise effects on cognitive performance in children
Klatte, M., Bergström, K., & Lachmann, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00578 · Cited by 448
“To summarize, the reviewed studies document that children need more favorable listening conditions than adults for decoding and processing of oral information [but see Söderlund et al. (2007, 2010) for contrasting findings in inattentive children].”
BackgroundKasper, L. J., Alderson, R. M., & Hudec, K. L. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.07.001 · Cited by 414
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Sergeant, J. A., Nigg, J., & Willcutt, E. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.008 · Cited by 348
Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Sikström, S., & Söderlund, G. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.1047 · Cited by 205
“In the Söderlund et al. (2007) noise-inducing-internal-noise data, the noise levels were fitted, whereas this parameter was held constant in Sonuga-Barke’s (2002a) fit.”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe effects of background white noise on memory performance in inattentive school children
Söderlund, G. B. W., Sikström, S., Loftesnes, J. M., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-55 · Cited by 175
“We choose the standard scoring procedure in the action memory literature [10,49], where strict scoring is used for the nouns (exact matches were required) and lenient scoring is used for verbs (where non-exact matches are scored as correct).”
BackgroundMethodResultSelf-citationBottiroli, S., Rosi, A., Russo, R., Vecchi, T., & Cavallini, E. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00284 · Cited by 174
Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Wiersema, J. R., van der Meere, J. J., & Roeyers, H. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9115-0 · Cited by 142
“Söderlund et al., (2007) recently studied the effects of white noise on performance and found a small but significant degree of facilitation amongst ADHD children.”
BackgroundZiegler, S., Pedersen, M. L., Mowinckel, A. M., & Biele, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.002 · Cited by 110
Noise in Schools: A Holistic Approach to the Issue
Woolner, P., & Hall, E. (2010) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph7083255 · Cited by 112
“The more immediate problem for school design in terms of inclusion is the finding from some studies that the performance of students with Special Educational Needs (SEN) might be more susceptible to noise [25], although impacts on particular children may not be predictable [32,33].”
BackgroundNecessity of noise in physiology and medicine
Sejdić, E., & Lipsitz, L. A. (2013) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.03.014 · Cited by 106
“This has been observed for many different combinations of tasks, stimuli and studied populations [81,82].”
InfluentialHelps, S. K., Bamford, S., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., & Söderlund, G. B. W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112768 · Cited by 107
“Specifically, the original WN studies employed a verbal memory task [7,8].”
Self-citationFuermaier, A. B. M., Tucha, L., Koerts, J., van Heuvelen, M. J. G., van der Zee, E. A., Lange, K. W., & Tucha, O. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090747 · Cited by 87
“A recent model based on theoretical considerations on brain arousal and stochastic resonance as well as on empirical evidence suggested that auditory stimuli (background white noise) can be beneficial to cognitive performance [70,71].”
BackgroundBerger, I., & Cassuto, H. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.10.012 · Cited by 80
Acoustics and activity noise in school classrooms in Finland
Sala, E., & Rantala, L. M. (2016) · Applied Acoustics · doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.08.009 · Cited by 91
Pelham, W. E., Waschbusch, D. A., Hoza, B., Gnagy, E. M., Greiner, A. R., Sams, S. E., Vallano, G., Majumdar, A., & Carter, R. L. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9529-z · Cited by 81
“Other studies have shown that background music significantly improves performance on cognitive tasks for children with ADHD but does not impact or negatively impacts the performance of non-ADHD controls (Abikoff et al. 1996; Soderland et al. 2010; Soderland et al. 2007).”
BackgroundRausch, V. H., Bauch, E. M., & Bunzeck, N. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00537 · Cited by 82
“Because ADHD is characterized by imbalanced dopaminergic functioning (Solanto, 2002), this finding suggests a close link between dopaminergic neuromodulation and improved learning by WN (Sikström & Söderlund, 2007; Söderlund et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialMallory, C. L., & Keehn, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695825 · Cited by 109
Baijot, S., Slama, H., Söderlund, G. B. W., Dan, B., Deltenre, P., Colin, C., & Deconinck, N. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0095-y · Cited by 73
“[22] propose that the required level of extra-task stimulation (noise) depends on dopamine functioning so that participants with low dopamine levels (such as children with ADHD) require more noise to reach optimal cognitive performance in comparison with typically developing children (TDC).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationAnalysis of the influence of memory content of auditory stimuli on the memory content of EEG signal
Namazi, H., Khosrowabadi, R., Hussaini, J., Habibi, S., Farid, A. A., & Kulish, V. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11234 · Cited by 69
“[18] have demonstrated that adding an auditory white noise (WN) to the environment enhanced the memory performance of children with ADHD-type problems.”
Using environmental distractors in the diagnosis of ADHD
Cassuto, H., Ben-Simon, A., & Berger, I. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00805 · Cited by 65
Moëll, B., Kollberg, L., Nasri, B., Lindefors, N., & Kaldo, V. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.11.004 · Cited by 61
“SimplyNoise produceswhite noisewhich has been shown tobebeneficial in improving concentration amongadults with ADHD (Sikstro and Smart, 2007).”
BackgroundMealings, K. T. (2022) · Building Acoustics · doi:10.1177/1351010x221104892 · Cited by 56
The role of working memory capacity in auditory distraction: A review
Sörqvist, P. (2010) · Noise and Health · doi:10.4103/1463-1741.70500 · Cited by 56
White noise as a possible therapeutic option for children with ADHD
Pickens, T. A., Khan, S. P., & Berlau, D. J. (2018) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.012 · Cited by 58
Acoustic Noise Improves Visual Perception and Modulates Occipital Oscillatory States
Kayser, S. J., & Kayser, C. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00524 · Cited by 54
“…(Schroeder & Lakatos, 2009; Lakatos, Karmos, Mehta, Ulbert, & Schroeder, 2008) as discussed below, it remains unclear to what degree the effect of acoustic noise on visual perception persists in everyday scenarios or could be exploited in more general cognitive paradigms (Soderlund et al., 2007).”
Awada, M., Becerik-Gerber, B., Lucas, G., & Roll, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18862-w · Cited by 53
Differential effects of white noise in cognitive and perceptual tasks
Herweg, N. A., & Bunzeck, N. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01639 · Cited by 51
“This finding is in contrast to previously shown beneficial effects of white noise on working memory performance in monkeys (Carlson et al., 1997), but resembles deteriorating effects of white noise on memory for verbal sentences in healthy controls (Söderlund et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultGiuliano, R. J., Gatzke‐Kopp, L. M., Roos, L. E., & Skowron, E. A. (2017) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12872 · Cited by 45
ADHD desynchronizes brain activity during watching a distracted multi-talker conversation
Salmi, J., Metwaly, M., Tohka, J., Alho, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Koski, A., Vanderwal, T., & Laine, M. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116352 · Cited by 43
White noise enhances new-word learning in healthy adults
Angwin, A., Wilson, W., Arnott, W., Signorini, A., Barry, R., & Copland, D. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13383-3 · Cited by 42
Low-Arousal Speech Noise Improves Performance in N-Back Task: An ERP Study
Han, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, D., Jin, Y., & Luo, Y. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076261 · Cited by 45
“The noise arousal findings of this study may help improve the understanding of the characteristics of patients with attention deficits, who are typically with a low dopamine level and thus in a very low arousal state [32].”
BackgroundIs working memory training in older adults sensitive to music?
Borella, E., Carretti, B., Meneghetti, C., Carbone, E., Vincenzi, M., Madonna, J. C., Grassi, M., Fairfield, B., & Mammarella, N. (2017) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0961-8 · Cited by 43
Zhang, D., Tenpierik, M., & Bluyssen, P. M. (2019) · Applied Acoustics · doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.05.007 · Cited by 41
“For example, a study conducted by Stansfeld [11] found that exposure to road traffic noise could improve children’s episodic memory scores, and other studies involving white noise also concluded that continuous and persisting noise is beneficial for cognitive performance in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivit…”
BackgroundThe impact of musical pleasure and musical hedonia on verbal episodic memory
Cardona, G. G., Rodríguez‐Fornells, A., Nye, H., Rifà‐Ros, X., & Ferreri, L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72772-3 · Cited by 45
Maloy, M., & Peterson, R. K. (2014) · Psychomusicology Music Mind and Brain · doi:10.1037/pmu0000083 · Cited by 39
Зуева, М. В. (2015) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2015.00135 · Cited by 42
Söderlund, G. B. W., & Jobs, E. N. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00034 · Cited by 41
“This noise benefit is found in particular in individuals with an ADHD diagnosis (Söderlund et al., 2007) or with poor attention ability (Söderlund et al., 2010; Helps et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKeith, J. M., Jamieson, J. P., & Bennetto, L. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3685-8 · Cited by 41
Söderlund, G. B. W., Björk, C., & Gustafsson, P. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01331 · Cited by 36
“Sample size and power calculations were based on effect sizes from prior studies, η2 = 0.15−0.39 (Söderlund et al., 2007, 2010; Söderlund and Sikström, 2012).”
InfluentialSelf-citationOut of focus – Brain attention control deficits in adult ADHD
Salmi, J., Salmela, V. R., Salo, E., Mikkola, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Hokkanen, L., Laasonen, M. R., Numminen, J., & Alho, K. (2018) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.019 · Cited by 35
“, 2016), in children even irrelevant noise may help in performing the task (Söderlund et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSpeech Processing Difficulties in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Blomberg, R., Danielsson, H., Rudner, M., Söderlund, G. B. W., & Rönnberg, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01536 · Cited by 36
“In their moderate brain arousal (MBA) model, Sikström and Söderlund (2007) argue that low levels of tonic dopamine (implicated in ADHD) place the brain in a poorly aroused state, which directly affects top-down processing due to an inability to filter out irrelevant sensory information, i.e., an…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEffects of noise and audiovisual cues on speech processing in adults with and without ADHD
Michalek, A. M. P., Watson, S. M. R., Ash, I. K., Ringleb, S. I., & Raymer, A. M. (2014) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.3109/14992027.2013.866282 · Cited by 39
Effects of white noise on off-task behavior and academic responding for children with ADHD.
Cook, A., Bradley‐Johnson, S., & Johnson, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1002/jaba.79 · Cited by 34
“Soderlund, Sikstrom, and Smart (2007) found that children with ADHD performed a task with higher accuracy when white noise was present, and their performance was similar to that of nonADHD control children during a no-noise condition.”
BackgroundThe Effects of Noise on Children’s Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Gheller, F., Spicciarelli, G., Scimemi, P., & Arfé, B. (2023) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/00139165241245823 · Cited by 48
“For instance, Söderlund et al. (2007) reported a positive effect of noise on children with Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).”
Driving With ADHD: Performance Effects and Environment Demand in Traffic
Randell, N. J. S., Charlton, S. G., & Starkey, N. J. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054716658126 · Cited by 52
“In the same way that researchers have shown that auditory white noise (Söderlund et al., 2007), and more difficult driving challenges (Reimer et al., 2010) that increase task load can result in better performance by individuals with ADHD, the increased task demand associated with responding to…”
BackgroundBhang, S., Yoon, J.-K., Sung, J. H., Yoo, C., Sim, C., Lee, C.-M., Lee, J., & Lee, J. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.01.15 · Cited by 33
Hong, N., Kim, J., Kwon, J.-H., Eom, H., & Kim, E. J. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720986229 · Cited by 39
“These results are consistent with previous studies which reported that auditory and visual distractors improve rather than impair the cognitive performance of children with ADHD (Abikoff et al., 1996; Pelham et al., 2011; Söderlund et al., 2007; Uno et al., 2006; van Mourik et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultNigg, J. T., Bruton, A. M., Kozlowski, M. B., Johnstone, J. M., & Karalunas, S. L. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.014 · Cited by 36
Xie, J., Xu, G., Luo, A., Li, M., Zhang, S., Han, C., & Yan, W. (2017) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s17081873 · Cited by 32
The spatial distribution of noise barriers in Montreal: A barrier to achieve environmental equity
Potvin, S., Apparicio, P., & Séguin, A. (2019) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.011 · Cited by 32
Vulnerability to the Irrelevant Sound Effect in Adult ADHD
Pelletier, M., Hodgetts, H. M., Lafleur, M. F., Vincent, A., & Tremblay, S. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713492563 · Cited by 37
Conzelmann, A., Gerdes, A. B. M., Mucha, R. F., Weyers, P., Lesch, K.-P., Bähne, C. G., Fallgatter, A. J., Renner, T. J., Warnke, A., Romanos, M., et al. (2014) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2013.829584 · Cited by 29
“Results may explain why ADHD delay beginning to learn until time pressure is high and why they benefi t from tasks that increase arousal levels (Soderlund et al. 2007).”
BackgroundLecei, A., van Hulst, B. M., de Zeeuw, P., van der Pluijm, M., Rijks, Y., & Durston, S. (2019) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.011 · Cited by 27
Almoallim, S., & Sas, C. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/31730 · Cited by 40
“An important outcome is the 2 ways of supported focused attention that digital well-being apps implement: The first is implicit support through the monitoring and limiting of phone or app overuse, and the second is the explicit training of attention by focusing on offline activities without phone use, including also e…”
BackgroundInfluentialVisions on the future of medical devices in spinal cord stimulation: what medical device is needed?
Ridder, D. D., & Vanneste, S. (2015) · Expert Review of Medical Devices · doi:10.1586/17434440.2016.1136560 · Cited by 29
Low intensity white noise improves performance in auditory working memory task: An fMRI study
Othman, E. A., Yusoff, A. N., Mohamad, M., Manan, H. A., Giampietro, V., Hamid, A. I. A., Dzulkifli, M. A., Osman, S. S., & Burhanuddin, W. I. D. W. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02444 · Cited by 30
Comparison of informational vs. energetic masking effects on speechreading performance
Lidestam, B., Holgersson, J., & Moradi, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00639 · Cited by 28
Zentall, S. S., Tom-Wright, K., & Lee, J. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711430332 · Cited by 38
A Perceptual Study on Velvet Noise and Its Variants at Different Pulse Densities
Välimäki, V., Lehtonen, H.-M., & Takanen, M. O. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · doi:10.1109/tasl.2013.2255281 · Cited by 26
Batho, L. P., Martinussen, R., & Wiener, J. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715594421 · Cited by 27
“…a beneficial impact on performance by some background noises for children with ADHD, including white noise, vocal music, and novel sounds (e.g., Abikoff et al., 1996; O’Connell et al., 2006; Söderlund et al., 2007; Uno et al., 2006; van Mourik, Oosterlaan, Heslenfeld, Konig, & Sergeant, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialMéndez‐Balbuena, I., Huidobro, N., Silva, M., Flores, A., Trenado, C., Rojas, L. Q., Arias-Carrión, Ó., Kristeva, R., & Manjarrez, E. (2015) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00457.2015 · Cited by 25
“…hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and control of balance (Baldan et al. 2014; Helps et al. 2014; Jaekl et al. 2014; Liu et al. 2013; Magalhães and Kohn 2011, 2012; Söderlund et al. 2007, 2010; see also Davis and Plaisted-Grant 2015) as well as in age-related neurodegenerative diseases (Hass 2008).”
BackgroundBell, L., Scharke, W., Reindl, V., Fels, J., Neuschaefer‐Rube, C., & Konrad, K. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10050307 · Cited by 25
“Although auditory noise has been shown to be beneficial under certain circumstances in ADHD [43], generally, auditory noise is well known to disturb cognitive performance across different populations [43–45], and it remains unclear how children with ADHD inhibit their behavior in response to auditory stimuli.”
BackgroundSensory augmentation: integration of an auditory compass signal into human perception of space
Schumann, F., & O’Regan, J. K. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep42197 · Cited by 25
Spreij, L. A., Brink, A. F. T., Visser‐Meily, J. M. A., & Nijboer, T. C. W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2020.1798881 · Cited by 24
French, B., Quain, E., Kilgariff, J., Lockwood, J., & Daley, D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10662 · Cited by 30
Chen, I.-C., Chan, H., Lin, K., Huang, Y., Tsai, P.-L., & Huang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19127283 · Cited by 23
“As a result, this additional neural noise moderately regulates arousal and then improves the cognitive performance of children with ADHD [19,22].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Effect of a Noise Reducing Test Accommodation on Elementary Students with Learning Disabilities
Smith, G. W., & Riccomini, P. J. (2013) · Learning Disabilities Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/ldrp.12010 · Cited by 23
“…2004), (3) stress (Fosnaric & Planinsec, 2008), (4) task completion (Dock-rell & Shield, 2006; Gumenyuk, Korzyukov, Alho, Escera & Naatanen, 2004; Soderlund, Sikstrom & Smart, 2007), (5) attention (Jamieson, Kranjc, Yu & Hodgetts, 2004; Nelson, Kohnert, Sabur & Shaw, 2005; Norlander, Moas &…”
Extending Attention Span of ADHD Children through an Eye Tracker Directed Adaptive User Interface
Asiry, O., Shen, H., & Calder, P. (2015) · Australasian Software Engineering Conference (ASWEC) · doi:10.1145/2811681.2824997 · Cited by 25
“The changes are based on the guidelines distilled from ADHD research [10,11,17,18,19].”
BackgroundSpectral content (colour) of noise exposure affects work efficiency.
Lu, S., Huang, Y.-H., & Lin, K. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.4103/nah.nah_61_18 · Cited by 22
“attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ting that ADHD subjects need more noise than Söderlund et al.([8])”
BackgroundInfluentialLin, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215391 · Cited by 23
“Several models have assumed that patients with ADHD benefit in cognitive performance from an increase in arousal, including the cognitive-energetic model [10], the stochastic resonance (SR) effect [11], and the moderate brain arousal (MBA) model [12].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialColzato, L. S., Hommel, B., Zhang, W., Roessner, V., & Beste, C. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104677 · Cited by 22
The Menton Theory of Engagement and Boredom
Davies, J., & Fortney, M. (2012) · Cited by 19
Stochastic resonance model of synaesthesia
Lalwani, P., & Brang, D. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0029 · Cited by 26
Othman, E. A., Yusoff, A. N., Mohamad, M., Manan, H. A., Hamid, A. I. A., & Giampietro, V. (2019) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.27016 · Cited by 19
Environmental Stimulation Does Not Reduce Impulsive Choice in ADHD
Metin, B., Roeyers, H., Wiersema, J. R., van der Meere, J. J., Gasthuys, R., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2013) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713479667 · Cited by 19
“Second, only one level of “pink noise” was used and if there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between noise level and performance, as predicted by certain accounts (Söderlund et al., 2007), it is possible that the noise level was not optimal in this context—either being too low to increase arousal or to high leadi…”
BackgroundUsing Nature-based Soundscapes to Support Task Performance and Mood
Newbold, J. W., Luton, J., Cox, A. L., & Gould, S. J. J. (2017) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3027063.3053214 · Cited by 18
“This matches previous research that showed that auditory stimulation can help to maintain attention [23,24].”
ResultThe Impact of Concurrent Noise on Visual Search in Children With ADHD
Allen, R. A., & Pammer, K. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715605913 · Cited by 17
“If future research were to reveal a similar pattern to that found in our results, it would mean that white noise may not be a useful replacement for medication as an intervention for children with ADHD, as has been suggested (Söderlund et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialReduced Capacity in a Dichotic Memory Test for Adult Patients With ADHD
Dige, N., Maahr, E., & Backenroth, G. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709347245 · Cited by 17
Effects of auditory white noise stimulation on sustained attention and response time variability
Egeland, J., Lund, O., Kovalik-Gran, I., Aarlien, A. K., & Söderlund, G. B. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1301771 · Cited by 16
“Several previous studies have shown a beneficial effect of noise for a short period but have not explicitly tested the brain arousal theory lying behind the noise benefit model of Sikström and Söderlund (2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationKallweit, C., Paucke, M., Strauß, M., & Exner, C. (2019) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054719845050 · Cited by 16
White noise facilitates new-word learning from context.
Angwin, A., Wilson, W., Ripollés, P., Rodríguez-Fornells, A., Arnott, W., Barry, R., Cheng, B. B. Y., Garden, K., & Copland, D. (2019) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104699 · Cited by 18
“The beneficial effects of white noise appear consistent with the MBA model (Sikstrom & Soderlund, 2007), such that the provision of white noise boosts internal neural noise via the perceptual system, thereby improving cognitive performance.”
BackgroundMethodWhite Noise and Its Potential Applications in Occupational Health: A Review
Ghasemi, S., Fasih-Ramandi, F., Monazzam, M. R., & Khodakarim, S. (2023) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12132 · Cited by 15
“In order to qualify, articles had to include at least one case of how WN affected a particular outcome or its application, such as sleeping, learning, memory, noise masking, verbal stimulation, cognitive functions, treatment of tinnitus, anxiety, stress, pain relief, and perception, improvement of Attention deficit hy…”
BackgroundInfluentialRapid modulation in music supports attention in listeners with attentional difficulties
Woods, K. J. P., Sampaio, G., James, T. A., Przysinda, E., Cordovez, B., Hewett, A., Spencer, A. E., Morillon, B., & Loui, P. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07026-3 · Cited by 21
“While previous studies have observed that individuals with attentional de fi cits are differently affected by music versus silence 5,14,48 or noise 12,20,21,49 , here we extend the fi ndings to show that differences between pieces of music are suf fi cient to affect sustained attention.”
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Like Traits and Distractibility in the Visual Periphery
Panagiotidi, M., Overton, P. G., & Stafford, T. (2016) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006616681313 · Cited by 16
Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review
Saville, P., Kinney, C., Heiderscheit, A., & Himmerich, H. (2025) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.3390/bs15010065 · Cited by 15
Abnormal brainstem auditory response in young females with ADHD
Claesdotter‐Knutsson, E., Safdarzadeh-Haghighi, M., Råstam, M., & Lindvall, M. L. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.007 · Cited by 14
“Hearing process problems in ADHD could be explained by the known fact that external background auditive white noise can improve cognitive performance in inattentive school children (Söderlund et al., 2007, 2010).”
Mindfulness Interventions for College Students with ADHD: A Multiple Single Case Research Design
Lester, E. G., & Murrell, A. R. (2018) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2018.1450107 · Cited by 14
The impact of auditory white noise on semantic priming
Angwin, A. J., Wilson, W. J., Copland, D. A., Barry, R. J., Myatt, G., & Arnott, W. L. (2018) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2018.04.001 · Cited by 14
“Research indicates that white noise can improve cognitive performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Baijot et al., 2016; Soderlund, Sikstrom, & Smart, 2007) as well as children rated as less attentive by school teachers (Helps, Bamford, Sonuga-Barke, & Soderlund, 2014; Soderlund, Si…”
InfluentialSensory white noise improves reading skills and memory recall in children with reading disability
Söderlund, G. B. W., Johnels, J. Å., Rothén, B., Torstensson‐Hultberg, E., Magnusson, A., & Fälth, L. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2114 · Cited by 14
“…research on white noise benefits: In word memory recall tasks, effect sizes (Cohen's d) have been found to be of medium size, between 0.41– 0.46 (Söderlund et al., 2007, 2010), whereas in a visuospatial working memory task and in executive functioning tasks the effect sizes were large, d >…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRandom noise stimulation in the treatment of patients with neurological disorders
Manjarrez, E., Herrera-Murillo, M., & Treviño, M. (2022) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.339474 · Cited by 14
“Figure is created with BioRender software based on information from the following references: Söderlund et al. (2007, 2016).”
BackgroundMethodLineweaver, T. T., Kercood, S., O'Keeffe, N. B., O’Brien, K. M., Massey, E. J., Campbell, S. J., & Pierce, J. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2012.683854 · Cited by 14
Noise benefit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex
Pålsson, E., Söderlund, G. B. W., Klamer, D., & Bergquist, F. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2074-6 · Cited by 14
Self-citationThe effect of background music on episodic memory.
Lemaire, E. C. (2019) · Psychomusicology Music Mind and Brain · doi:10.1037/pmu0000234 · Cited by 17
Sderlund, G., & Sikstrm, S. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/29657 · Cited by 13
Self-citationSöderlund, G. B. W., Eckernäs, D., Holmblad, O., & Bergquist, F. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.032 · Cited by 13
Self-citationCook, A. A., Johnson, C. M., & Bradley‐Johnson, S. (2015) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2015.1000234 · Cited by 13
“Soderlund, Sikstrom, and Smart (2007) compared the performance of students with ADHD and typically developing controls on two recall tasks, in both white-noise and no-noise conditions.”
BackgroundListening Effort Among Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Taitelbaum-Swead, R., Kozol, Z., & Fostick, L. (2019) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2019_jslhr-h-19-0134 · Cited by 10
Background white noise and speech facilitate visual working memory
Han, S., Zhu, R., & Ku, Y. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15455 · Cited by 15
Mobile applications as intervention tools for children with ADHD for a sustainable education.
Doulou, A., Drigas, A. S., & Skianis, C. (2022) · Technium Sustainability · doi:10.47577/sustainability.v2i4.7344 · Cited by 15
““SimplyNoise” produces sound which improves concentration among adults with ADHD (Sikstro and Smart, 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Söderlund, G., Sikström, S., & Smart, A.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Lund University (SE)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Söderlund, Göran
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 840-847
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2033075228
- Semantic Scholar
- c81893b45410165c38d55a635d4e12db79201fa8
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, stochastic resonance, white noise, cognitive performance, dopamine, environmental stimulation, children, memory performance, verbal tasks
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Noise, Mental Recall, Task Performance and Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
