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A multi-process account of startle modulation during affective perception

Bradley, Margaret M., Codispoti, Maurizio, Lang, Peter J.·2006·Psychophysiology

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00412.x

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Abstract

Modulation of the startle reflex by sensory, attentional, and emotional processes was explored by presenting acoustic startle probes at various delays following picture onset. Within 500 ms of onset, blinks were first greatly facilitated and then inhibited, indicating prepulse facilitation and prepulse inhibition that did not vary with affect. Attention allocation to the picture continued across the viewing interval and was most pronounced for emotional pictures, as determined by attenuation of the P3 component to the startle probe. Startle potentiation for unpleasant pictures occurred later in the viewing interval and was strongest for highly arousing pictures. Taken together, the startle reflex during picture viewing is modulated by sequential and sometimes concurrent processes of prepulse facilitation, prepulse inhibition, attentional inhibition, and affective modulation, with reflex magnitude reflecting the net effect of multiple processes.

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Authors: Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., & Lang, P. J.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
University of Bologna (IT)
Corresponding author: Bradley, Margaret M.
ORCID: Bradley, Margaret M.
Codispoti, Maurizio
Lang, Peter J.
Venue: Psychophysiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-07-22
Volume: 43
Issue: 5
Pages: 486-497
ISSN: 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
1469-8986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00412.x
OpenAlex: W2102507514
Cited by: 219
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (P50MH072850)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (DE 13956, R01DE013956)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords: acoustic startle response, prepulse inhibition, prepulse facilitation, startle potentiation, emotion perception, emotional pictures, attentional inhibition, P300, arousal
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Arousal, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Social Perception, Reflex, Startle

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A multi-process account of startle modulation during affective perception

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