Acute effects of nicotine on fetal heart rate variability
Abstract
Summary. The effects of nicotine on fetal heart rate (FHR) variability were studied in seven women in the second trimester and eight women in the third trimester of pregnancy by giving them nicotine‐containing chewinggum. The possible effects of carbon monoxide or some other agents of nicotine‐free smoke on FHR variability were tested in eight women in the second and eight in the third trimester of pregnancy by giving them herbal cigarettes to smoke. The gum caused an acute decrease in the interval index of FHR variability in both trimesters, as we have observed previously in association with tobacco smoking, and an acute decrease in the differential index in the second trimester but not in the third trimester. These effects differ from those associated with tobacco smoking, during which the differential index decreased in the third trimester but remained unchanged in the second trimester. In the second trimester the gum elevated the baseline FHR, as did tobacco smoking. In the third trimester, the gum decreased the baseline FHR in contrast to tobacco smoking, which had no effect on it. Smoking a herbal cigarette had no effect on FHR and no depressant effect on FHR variability, as had nicotine. The only fetal response was a transient increase in the interval index 5—10 min after smoking in the second trimester. We conclude that nicotine seems to be responsible for the depressant effect of tobacco smoke on the fetus, as manifested in lowered interval indices. The different responses of the differential index and baseline FHR to tobacco smoking and chewing nicotine‐containing gum at different stages of gestation remain unexplained.
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In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 3rd trimester, the DI did not change.
“The DI did not change.”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 2nd trimester, the DI decreased significantly after 10 minutes chewing (P < 0.001), which lasted for 20 minutes after chewing.
“In the 2nd trimester, the DI decreased significantly | after 10 minutes chewing (P < 0.001), which lasted | for 20 minutes after chewing.”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 2nd trimester, maternal HR and diastolic BP increased a little during chewing, but systolic BP remained elevated for 20 minutes after chewing stopped (all significant, but P-variable for different time-points).
“Maternal HR and diastolic BP increased a little during | chewing, but systolic BP remained elevated for | 20 minutes after chewing stopped (all significant, but | P-variable for different time-points).”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 3rd trimester, the II decreased (P < 0.001), which lasted for 10 minutes after chewing.
“In the 3 rd | trimester the II decreased (P < 0.001), which lasted | for 10 minutes after chewing.”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 3rd trimester, baseline FHR significantly decreased (P < 0.001), lasting for 10 minutes after chewing.
“Baseline FHR significantly decreased (P < 0.001), | lasting for 10 minutes after chewing.”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 3rd trimester, maternal HR, systolic and diastolic BP increased during chewing and returned to baseline 5-10 minutes after chewing (all significant, but P-variable for different time-points).
“Maternal HR, | systolic and diastolic BP increased during chewing | and returned to baseline 5-10 minutes after chewing | (all significant, but P-variable for different time- | points)”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
In Lehtovirta 1983, in the 2nd trimester, baseline FHR significantly increased at the beginning of chewing (P < 0.001) and returned to pre-chewing level 5 minutes after chewing stopped.
“Baseline FHR significantly increased at | beginning of chewing (P < 0.001) and returned to | pre-chewing level 5 minutes after chewing stopped.”
From Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. (2021) · cites this paper as [47]
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Fetal safety of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Taylor, L., Claire, R., Campbell, K., Coleman‐Haynes, T., Leonardi‐Bee, J., Chamberlain, C., Berlin, I., Davey, M., Cooper, S., & Coleman, T. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15185 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“7 stars) Bruner 1991 [45] ★ ★ ★★ ★★★★ Gennser 1975 [43] ★ ★ ★★ ★★★★ Hegaard 2004 [54] ★ ★ Lehtovirta 1983 [47] ★ ★ Lindblad 1987 [48] ★★ ★ ★ ★★★★ Manning 1976 [44] ★ ★ ★★ Ogburn Jr 1999 [49] ★★ ★ ★★ ★★★★★ Oncken 1997 [46] ★★ ★ ★★ ★★★★★ Oncken 1996 [50] ★★ ★★ ★★★★ Oncken 2009 [51] ★★ ★ ★★ ★★★★★ Schroeder 2002 [53] ★ ★★…”
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ONCKEN, C. (2002) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(02)01948-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fetal behavior in smoking compared to non-smoking pregnant women
Cowperthwaite, B., Hains, S. M. J., & Kisilevsky, B. S. (2007) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2006.12.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- LEHTOVIRTA, P., FORSS, M., RAURAMO, I., & KARINIEMI, V.
- Affiliations
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Venue
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1983-08
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 710-715
- ISSN
- 0306-5456 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-0328
- 1471-0528
- OpenAlex
- W1966081291
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- nicotine, fetal heart rate variability, smoking, chewing gum, carbon monoxide, pregnancy trimesters, baseline fetal heart rate, differential index
- MeSH terms
- Blood Pressure, Chewing Gum, Electrocardiography, Female, Fetal Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Nicotine, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Smoking
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