The use of Zelen's design in randomised trials
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Zelen's design may bias results if participants in one arm disproportionately refuse consent or only consent when allowed to cross over to active treatment.
“This design may lead to bias if, for example, participants allocated to one particular arm of the trial disproportionally refuse to provide consent for participation or, alternatively, if participants only provide consent provided they are allowed to cross-over to the active treatment arm (Torgerson 2004).”
From Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents (2021) · cites this paper as Torgerson 2004
Cites
O’Rourke, P. P., Crone, R. K., Vacanti, J. P., Ware, J. H., Lillehei, C. W., Parad, R. B., & Epstein, M. F. (1989) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.84.6.957 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Atkin, W. S., Cook, C., Cuzick, J. M., Edwards, R. P., Northover, J. M. A., & Wardle, J. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08268-5 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: An update
Zelen, M. (1990) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780090611 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents
Hawton, K., Witt, K. G., Taylor Salisbury, T. L., Arensman, E., Gunnell, D., Townsend, E., van Heeringen, K., & Hazell, P. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012013 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents
Witt, K. G., Hetrick, S. E., Rajaram, G., Hazell, P., Taylor Salisbury, T. L., Townsend, E., & Hawton, K. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013667.pub2 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
- Authors
- Torgerson, D.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Torgerson, David
- ORCID
- Torgerson, David
- Venue
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-12-15
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-2
- ISSN
- 0306-5456 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-0328
- 1471-0528
- OpenAlex
- W1963790016
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Optimal Experimental Design Methods
- Keywords
- randomised trials, sequential assignment, randomization, trial design
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Informed Consent, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
