The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is mode of delivery associated with postpartum depression at 6 weeks: a prospective cohort study: Mode of Delivery and Postpartum Depression
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between delivery mode and postpartum depression at 6 weeks following hospital discharge. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study. SETTING: Eleven hospitals in Ontario, Canada. SAMPLE: A total of 2560 women ≥16 years of age who delivered singleton, live infants at term. METHODS: Women completed a questionnaire in hospital and 74% (n = 1897) participated in a structured telephone interview 6 weeks after discharge. Additional data were extracted from labour and delivery records. Generalised estimating equations (GEEs) were used to investigate factors associated with postpartum depression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Women were screened for depression at 6 weeks following hospital discharge using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A score of ≥12 on the EPDS was used as a measure of the primary outcome, depression. RESULTS: Mode of delivery was not independently associated with postpartum depression, and did not factor into the main-effects model. The multivariable analysis identified 11 predictor variables for depression: young maternal age (OR 5.27; 95% CI 2.73-10.15); maternal hospital readmission (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.46-6.24); non-initiation of breastfeeding (OR 2.02; 95% CI 0.99-4.11); good, fair, or poor self-reported postpartum health (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.19-2.80); urinary incontinence (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.06-3.03); multiparity (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.22-2.08); low mental health functioning (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.15-1.25); low subjective social status (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.02-1.33); high number of unmet learning needs in hospital (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.03-1.22); low social support (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.09); and low physical health functioning (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.003-1.055). An exploratory interaction model revealed that caesarean section was associated with higher odds of becoming depressed in Canadian-born women, but that in women born outside of Canada it was associated with a lower risk of becoming depressed. CONCLUSIONS: Delivery mode had no significant impact on the development of postpartum depression in the main-effects model. However, it may interact with place of birth and other unmeasured factors to create a risk for depression.
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Magnitude and risk factors for postpartum symptoms: A literature review
Norhayati, M. N., Nik Hazlina, N. H., Asrenee, A. R., & Wan Emilin, W. M. A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.041 · Cited by 816
“…and biological factors are related to postpar- tum depression in developed countries, such as poor physical health (Eilat-Tsanani et al., 2006; Sword et al., 2011; Eastwood et al., 2012; Cheng et al., 2013; Gaillard et al., 2014), negative body image (Green et al., 2006) and body weight…”
BackgroundInfluentialHahn-Holbrook, J., Cornwell-Hinrichs, T., & Anaya, I. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00248 · Cited by 667
Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression: An Umbrella Review
Hutchens, B. F., & Kearney, J. (2020) · Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13067 · Cited by 372
Cesarean section and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis
Xu, H., Ding, Y., Ma, Y., Xin, X., & Zhang, D. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.04.016 · Cited by 216
Immediate or early skin‐to‐skin contact after a Caesarean section: a review of the literature
Stevens, J., Schmied, V., Burns, E., & Dahlen, H. (2014) · Maternal & Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.12128 · Cited by 216
“There is some evidence that there is a relationship between having a Caesarean section © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Maternal and Child Nutrition (2014), 10, pp. 456–473 and depressive symptomatology (Xie et al. 2011; Zainal et al. 2012); however, Sword et al. (2011) provides conflicting evidence.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Sword, W., Kurtz Landy, C., Thabane, L., Watt, S., Krueger, P., Farine, D., & Foster, G.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Mount Sinai Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sword, W
- Venue
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-13
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 966-977
- ISSN
- 0306-5456 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-0328
- OpenAlex
- W1483308241
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, mode of delivery, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, risk factors, maternal age, hospital readmission, breastfeeding initiation, urinary incontinence, multiparity, social support, postpartum health, mental health, subjective social status, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, term singleton delivery, Ontario hospitals, post-discharge follow-up
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cesarean Section, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Ontario, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Risk Assessment, Depression, Postpartum, Delivery, Obstetric
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