Glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor stimulation as a means of neuroprotection
Open accessAbstract
Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) is a relatively recently discovered molecule originating in the so‐called L‐cells of the intestine. The peptide has insulinotrophic properties and it is this characteristic that has predominantly been investigated. This has led to the use of the GLP‐1‐like peptide exendin‐4 (EX‐4), which has a much longer plasma half‐life than GLP‐1 itself, being used in the treatment of type II diabetes. The mode of action of this effect appears to be a reduction in pancreatic apoptosis, an increase in beta cell proliferation or both. Thus, the effects of GLP‐1 receptor stimulation are not based upon insulin replacement but an apparent repair of the pancreas. Similar data suggest that the same effects may occur in other peripheral tissues. More recently, the roles of GLP‐1 and EX‐4 have been studied in nervous tissue. As in the periphery, both peptides appear to promote cellular growth and reduce apoptosis. In models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and peripheral neuropathy, stimulation of the GLP‐1 receptor has proved to be highly beneficial. In the case of Parkinson's disease this effect is evident after the neurotoxic lesion is established, suggesting real potential for therapeutic use. In the present review we examine the current status of the GLP‐1 receptor and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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GLP-1 is known to be produced in the brain and has many functions including neuroprotection.
“GLP-1 is known to be produced in the brain [79] and has many functions including neuroprotection [80–82].”
From Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
Cites
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection
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Protection and Reversal of Excitotoxic Neuronal Damage by Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Exendin-4
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Drucker, D. J. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1147 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
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Block of A1 astrocyte conversion by microglia is neuroprotective in models of Parkinson’s disease
Yun, S. P., Kam, T.-I., Panicker, N., Kim, S., Oh, Y., Park, J.-S., Kwon, S.-H., Park, Y. J., Karuppagounder, S. S., Park, H., et al. (2018) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0051-5 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control
Lee, Y.-S., & Jun, H.-S. (2016) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2016/3094642 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
“GLP-1 is known to be produced in the brain [79] and has many functions including neuroprotection [80–82].”
BackgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1: a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory agent
Mehdi, S. F., Pusapati, S., Anwar, M. S., Lohana, D., Kumar, P., Nandula, S. A., Nawaz, F. K., Tracey, K., Yang, H., LeRoith, D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148209 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Pleiotropic Effects of GLP-1 and Analogs on Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Function
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GLP‐1R and amylin agonism in metabolic disease: complementary mechanisms and future opportunities
Roth, J. D., Erickson, M. R., Chen, S., & Parkes, D. G. (2012) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01537.x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Harkavyi, A., & Whitton, P. S.
- Corresponding author
- Whitton, Peter S.
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 495-501
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC2828015
- OpenAlex
- W1753192434
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Parkinson's UK (G-0807)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 receptor, exendin-4, neuroprotection, neurotrophic effects, apoptosis, beta-cell proliferation, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, peripheral neuropathy, L cells
- MeSH terms
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, Exenatide, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Half-Life, Insulin, Intestines, Pancreas, Peptides, Venoms, Apoptosis, Receptors, Glucagon, Neuroprotective Agents, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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