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Cited by 396Hepatitis C virus researchHelicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studiesHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk

Hepatitis C virus infection in USA: an estimate of true prevalence

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Chak, Eric, Talal, Andrew H., Sherman, Kenneth E., Schiff, Eugene R., Saab, Sammy·2011·Liver International
DOI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02494.x
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Abstract

The recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sampled only the civilian, non‐institutionalized population of USA and may have underestimated the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in this country. We searched the database MEDLINE, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Center for Medicare and Medicaid and individual states Department of Corrections for all epidemiological studies regarding the prevalence of HCV in populations not sampled by the NHANES survey namely the incarcerated, homeless, nursing home residents, hospitalized and those on active military duty. Because of their relatively low frequency in the NHANES sample, we also expanded our search to include healthcare workers and long‐term dialysis patients. Although included in the NHANES sample, we also performed searches on drug users (injection and non‐injection) and veterans to confirm the findings of the NHANES study. Based on the prevalence of studies identified meeting our inclusion criteria, our most conservative estimates state that there at least 142 761 homeless persons, 372 754 incarcerated persons and 6805 persons on active military duty unaccounted for in the NHANES survey. While the NHANES estimates of drug users (both injection and non‐injection) appear to be reasonable, the survey seems to have underestimated the number of HCV‐positive veterans. Our most conservative estimates suggest that there are at least 5.2 million persons living with HCV in USA today, approximately 1.9 million of whom were unaccounted for in the NHANES survey.

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  • Previous reviews include a 2001 narrative review and a 2011 systematic review of hepatitis C virus infection in the USA that reported a higher prevalence than that in this review because it included selected populations of homeless people.

    “Previous reviews of infectious diseases in homeless people include a 2001 narrative review,12 and a 2011 systematic review30 of hepatitis C virus infection in the USA that reported a higher prevalence than that in our review because it included selected populations of homeless people”

    From Prevalence of tuberculosis, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2012) · cites this paper as [30]

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Authors
Chak, E., Talal, A. H., Sherman, K. E., Schiff, E. R., & Saab, S.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Cornell University (US)
  • University of Cincinnati (US)
  • University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author
Saab, Sammy
ORCID
Venue
Liver International
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-03-16
Volume
31
Issue
8
Pages
1090-1101
ISSN
  • 0106-9543 (ISSN-L)
  • 1478-3223
  • 1478-3231
DOI
10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02494.x
OpenAlex
W1606007006
Cited by
396
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 21
FWCI
5.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Liver International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Keywords
hepatitis C virus, HCV prevalence, underestimation of prevalence, incarcerated individuals, homeless people, military personnel, veterans, drug users, healthcare workers, dialysis patients, nursing home residents, survey representativeness
MeSH terms
Health Personnel, Health Surveys, Renal Dialysis, Hepatitis C, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Military Personnel, Nursing Homes, Prisoners, Risk Factors, United States, Veterans, Prevalence, Vulnerable Populations, Drug Users

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