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Cited by 128Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHormonal Regulation and HypertensionCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Minoxidil: An Underused Vasodilator for Resistant or Severe Hypertension

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Sica, Domenic A.·2004·The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
DOI 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03585.xPMC PMC8109604
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Abstract

Minoxidil is a direct vasodilator introduced in the early 1970s for the treatment of hypertension. It is capable of reducing blood pressure in most persons with resistant hypertension where therapy has failed with multidrug regimens. Minoxidil's effect can be limited because of an increase in pulse rate and/or sodium (and water) retention. The latter May prove quite debilitating in some patients. Thus, minoxidil is generally administered with both a diuretic and an agent that can keep pulse rate in check, such as a β blocker or a combined α‐β blocker. The prominent tachycardia with minoxidil can aggravate myocardial ischemia and, if long‐standing, leads to left ventricular hypertrophy. Minoxidil has a particularly annoying side effect of hypertrichosis that May limit its use, particularly among women. Minoxidil use is infrequently associated with the idiosyncratic onset of a pericardial effusion. If a patient's hypertension is severe enough to warrant minoxidil therapy, a hypertension specialist should probably become involved in the patient's care. The use of this medicaion should be limited in view of the availability of effective agents with fewer side effects. There is, however, a place for minoxidil in the treatment of resistant hypertension especially in patients with advanced renal disease.

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  1. [1]1. Campese VM. Minoxidil: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. Drugs. 1981;22:257–258. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. [26]26. Linas SL, Nies AS. Minoxidil. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:61–65. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. [30]30. Physician's Desk Reference for Nonprescription Drugs and Dietary Supplements. 24th ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc; 2004. [Google Scholar]

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Authors
Sica, D. A.
Affiliations
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
Corresponding author
Sica, Domenic A.
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-05
Volume
6
Issue
5
Pages
283-287
ISSN
  • 1524-6175 (ISSN-L)
  • 1751-7176
DOI
10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03585.x
PMC
PMC8109604
OpenAlex
W2015167568
Cited by
128
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1119 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Hypertension (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords
minoxidil, resistant hypertension, severe hypertension, tachycardia, sodium and water retention, beta-blockers, alpha-beta blockers, diuretics, hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, left ventricular hypertrophy, advanced renal disease
MeSH terms
Antihypertensive Agents, Blood Pressure, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Minoxidil, Vasodilator Agents

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