CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 347Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTelemedicine and Telehealth ImplementationSurvey Methodology and Nonresponse

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Assessing depression in primary care with the PHQ-9: Can it be carried out over the telephone?

Open access
Pinto-Meza, Alejandra, Serrano-Blanco, Antoni, Peñarrubia, Maria T., Blanco, Elena, Haro, Josep Maria·2005·Journal of General Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0144.xPMC PMC1490180
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Background Telephone assessment of depression for research purposes is increasingly being used. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module (PHQ-9) is a well-validated, brief, self-reported, diagnostic, and severity measure of depression designed for use in primary care (PC). To our knowledge, there are no available data regarding its validity when administered over the telephone.Objective The aims of the present study were to evaluate agreement between self-administered and telephone-administered PHQ-9, to investigate possible systematic bias, and to evaluate the internal consistency of the telephone-administered PHQ-9.Methods Three hundred and forty-six participants from two PC centers were assessed twice with the PHQ-9. Participants were divided into 4 groups according to administration procedure order and administration procedure of the PHQ-9: Self-administered/Telephone-administered; Telephone-administered/Self-administered; Telephone-administered/Telephone-administered; and Self-administered/Self-administered. The first 2 groups served for analyzing the procedural validity of telephone-administered PHQ-9. The last 2 allowed a test-retest reliability analysis of both self- and telephone-administered PHQ-9. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa (for each item) were calculated as measures of concordance. Additionally, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Student's t-test, and Cronbach's alpha were analyzed.Results Intraclass correlation coefficient and weighted kappa between both administration procedures were excellent, revealing a strong concordance between telephone- and self-administered PHQ-9. A small and clinically nonsignificant tendency was observed toward lower scores for the telephone-administered PHQ-9. The internal consistency of the telephone-administered PHQ-9 was high and close to the self-administered one.Conclusions Telephone and in-person assessments by means of the PHQ-9 yield similar results. Thus, telephone administration of the PHQ-9 seems to be a reliable procedure for assessing depression in PC.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0144.x

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 23 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Spitzer RL, Williams JB. Clasificación de los transtornos mentales [Classification of mental disorders]. In: Kaplan HI, Sakock BJ, eds. Tratado de psiquiatría [Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry]. 2nd edn. Barcelona, Spain: Salvat; 1989:585–607.
  2. Doménech JM. Fundamentos de diseño y estadística. UD 14: Medida del cambio: Análisis de diseños con medidas intrasujeto [Statistics and Design Basis. UD 14: Change Measures: Intra-Subject Measure Design Analysis]. Barcelona, Spain: Signo; 2002.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–347 of 347

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Pinto-Meza, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Peñarrubia, M. T., Blanco, E., & Haro, J. M.
ORCID
Haro, Josep Maria
Venue
Journal of General Internal Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2005-08
Volume
20
Issue
8
Pages
738-742
ISSN
  • 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
  • 1525-1497
DOI
10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0144.x
PMC
PMC1490180
OpenAlex
W2037263999
Cited by
347
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
FWCI
10.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Keywords
depression assessment, PHQ-9, telephone administration, self-administered questionnaire, primary care, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, measurement agreement
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Depression, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telephone, Reproducibility of Results

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review