Behavioral and Mood Effects of Snoezelen Integrated into 24‐Hour Dementia Care
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of snoezelen , integrated in 24‐hour daily care, on the behavior and mood of demented nursing home residents. Design: Quasiexperimental pre‐ and posttest design. Setting: Twelve psychogeriatric wards of six nursing homes, spread over different parts of the Netherlands. Participants: One hundred twenty‐five patients with moderate to severe dementia and care dependency were included in the pretest and 128 in the posttest; 61 were completers (included in both pre‐ and posttest). Intervention: Experimental subjects received an individual 24‐hour snoezel program, based on family history taking and stimulus preference screening. Caregivers were trained, and (organizational) adaptations were made to fulfill the conditions for resident‐oriented snoezel care. The control group received usual nursing home care. Measurements: Observations were made on the wards using subscales of the Dutch Behavior Observation Scale for Psychogeriatric Inpatients, the Dutch version of the Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory, and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Independent assessors observed video recordings of morning care and rated residents' behavior and mood using INTERACT and FACE, respectively. Results: Residents receiving snoezel care demonstrated a significant treatment effect with respect to their level of apathetic behavior, loss of decorum, rebellious behavior, aggressive behavior, and depression. During morning care, the experimental subjects showed significant changes in well‐being (mood, happiness, enjoyment, sadness) and adaptive behavior (responding to speaking, relating to caregiver, normal‐length sentences). Conclusion: Snoezel care particularly seems to have a positive effect on disturbing and withdrawn behavior. The results suggest that a 24‐hour integrated snoezel program has a generalizing effect on the mood and behavior of demented residents.
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The review included three RCTs of light therapy, all in care homes.
“We included three RCTs, all in care homes. 40-42”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [40]
The Methods (p. 2) describe this as one quasiexperimental pre- and posttest study in six nursing homes, not an RCT of light therapy. The study investigated snoezelen integrated into dementia care; the nursing-home setting is the part that matches the claim. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Van Weert, J. C. M., Van Dulmen, A. M., Spreeuwenberg, P. M. M., Ribbe, M. W., & Bensing, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-12-22
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 24-33
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2127507480
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- Snoezelen, dementia, nursing home residents, 24-hour care, behavioral problems, agitation, depression, mood, aggression, well-being, psychogeriatric care, caregiver education, sensory stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aggression, Behavior Therapy, Dementia, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Nursing Homes, Psychomotor Agitation, Sensory Thresholds, Treatment Outcome, Caregivers
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