The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Co‐Occurrence of Chronic Diseases and Geriatric Syndromes: The Health and Retirement Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the co‐occurrence, in adults aged 65 and older, of five conditions that are highly prevalent, lead to substantial morbidity, and have evidence‐based guidelines for management and well‐developed measures of medical care quality. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of the 2004 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). SETTING: Nationally representative health interview survey. PARTICIPANTS: Respondents in the 2004 wave of the HRS aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Self‐reported presence of five index conditions (three chronic diseases (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetes mellitus) and two geriatric syndromes (urinary incontinence and injurious falls)) and demographic information (age, sex, race, living situation, net worth, and education). RESULTS: Eleven thousand one hundred thirteen adults, representing 37.1 million Americans aged 65 and older, were interviewed. Forty‐five percent were aged 76 and older, 58% were female, 8% were African American, and 4% resided in a nursing home. Respondents with more conditions were older and more likely to be female, single, and residing in a nursing home (all P <.001). Fifty‐six percent had at least one of the five index conditions, and 23% had two or more. Of respondents with one condition, 20% to 55% (depending on the index condition) had two or more additional conditions. CONCLUSION: Five common conditions (3 chronic diseases, 2 geriatric syndromes) often co‐occur in older adults, suggesting that coordinated management of comorbid conditions, both diseases and geriatric syndromes, is important. Care guidelines and quality indicators, rather than considering one condition at a time, should be developed to address comprehensive and coordinated management of co‐occurring diseases and geriatric syndromes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Older adults (defined here as those aged ≥65 years) have multiple chronic diseases [1] and consequently take far more medications than the average individual [2].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Older adults (defined here as those aged ≥65 years) have multiple chronic diseases [1]”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2009 Update
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Carnethon, M. R., SIMONE, G. D., Ferguson, T. B., Flegal, K. M., Ford, E. S., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.191259 · Cited by 3,915
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2008 Update
Writing Group Members, Rosamond, W. D., Flegal, K. M., Furie, K. L., Go, A. S., Greenlund, K. J., Haase, N., Hailpern, S. M., Ho, M., Howard, V. J., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.187998 · Cited by 3,799
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update
Writing Group Members, Thom, T., Haase, N., Rosamond, W. D., Howard, V. J., Rumsfeld, J. S., Manolio, T. A., Zheng, Z., Flegal, K. M., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.171600 · Cited by 3,488
Boyd, C. M., Darer, J., Boult, C., Fried, L. P., Boult, L., & Wu, A. W. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.716 · Cited by 2,581
Gait variability and fall risk in community-living older adults: A 1-year prospective study
Hausdorff, J. M., Rios, D. A., & Edelberg, H. K. (2001) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.24893 · Cited by 2,408
Prevalence, Expenditures, and Complications of Multiple Chronic Conditions in the Elderly
Wolff, J. L., Starfield, B. H., & Anderson, G. F. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.20.2269 · Cited by 2,237
Causes and consequences of comorbidity
Gijsen, R., Hoeymans, N., Schellevis, F. G., Ruwaard, D., Satariano, W. A., & van den Bos, G. A. M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00363-2 · Cited by 962
Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus
California Healthcare Foundation/American Geriatrics Society, C. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.51.5s.1.x · Cited by 651
Preventing falls among community-dwelling older persons: results from a randomized trial.
Hornbrook, M., Stevens, V., Wingfield, D., Hollis, J., Greenlick, M., & Ory, M. (1994) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/34.1.16 · Cited by 619
Older Women With Diabetes Have a Higher Risk of Falls
Schwartz, A. V., Hillier, T. A., Sellmeyer, D. E., Resnick, H. E., Gregg, E. W., Ensrud, K. E., Schreiner, P. J., Margolis, K. L., Cauley, J. A., Nevitt, M. C., et al. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.10.1749 · Cited by 576
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 2005, Health, United States, 2005 with Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans
- Elixhauser A, 2000, Hospitalization in the United States, 1997
- Juster F, 1995, The Health and Retirement Study, An Overview. HRS Working Papers Series #94-1001, 30, S7
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–264 of 264
Doucet, J., Verny, C., Halimi, S., & Bauduceau, B. (2019) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(19)30075-6 · Cited by 3
Stikeleather, S. J., & Simmons, T. M. (2021) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000321 · Cited by 3
Tensor Factorization-based Prediction with an Application to Estimating the Risk of Chronic DiseasesPreprint
Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Chen, F. Y., Leung, E. Y. M., Wong, E. L., & Yeoh, E. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/810556 · Cited by 3
Curtain, C. M. (2012) · eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) · doi:10.13140/2.1.4302.9441 · Cited by 2
Personalized approaches to cardiovascular care for the elderly-patient centered care
Alqahtani, M. H. (2023) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.15022 · Cited by 2
Davis, K. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/6421858 · Cited by 2
Relationship Between Heart Failure and Overactive Bladder
Palmer, M. H., & Busby‐Whitehead, J. (2010) · Current Bladder Dysfunction Reports · doi:10.1007/s11884-009-0035-x · Cited by 2
Warfarin in vulnerable older adults with atrial fibrillation
Gharacholou, S. M., & Becker, R. C. (2009) · Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis · doi:10.1007/s11239-009-0344-0 · Cited by 2
Hoogerduijn, J. G., Weldam, S. W. M., Barneveld, R. J. V., & Schuurmans, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Education and Practice · doi:10.5430/jnep.v3n10p26 · Cited by 2
Strotmeyer, E. S., & Zgibor, J. C. (2014) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2014.10.001 · Cited by 2
REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE EL BIENESTAR EN ADULTOS MAYORES JUBILADOS
Velasco, M. D. L. Á. A., & Solís, J. D. J. P. (2016) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 2
Understanding Older Adults’ Intentions to Use Healthcare Technologies: A Work in Progress
Harris, M. T., Blocker, K. A., & Rogers, W. A. (2017) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601926 · Cited by 2
Outpatient Diabetes Management and the Chronic Care Model
Rodríguez‐Saldaña, J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-11815-0_20 · Cited by 2
Ribeiro, F. (2020) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.36660/abc.20200157 · Cited by 2
Perception of Chronic Illnesses in the Context of Psychological Well-being of Older Adults
Ambrosi-Randić, N., Nekić, M., & Junaković, I. T. (2017) · Socijalna psihijatrija · doi:10.24869/spsih.2017.231 · Cited by 1
Kobus, C., Günther, M., Schönenberg, A., & Prell, T. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06855-z · Cited by 1
Fall-related open globe injuries are associated with systemic health changes
Meshkin, R. S., Strand, E. T., Armstrong, G. W., Gardiner, M. F., & Bleicher, I. D. (2026) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-026-04401-8 · Cited by 1
Kemp, T. (2010) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1
Facteurs de risque de chutes chez le sujet âgé en Tunisie
Kéchaou, I., Cherif, E., Salem, S. B., Boukhris, I., Hassine, L. B., Azzabi, S., Hariz, A., & Khalfallah, N. (2017) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2017.02.004 · Cited by 1
KIZILKAYA, N., & Saka, S. (2022) · Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.34108/eujhs.992923 · Cited by 1
Considerations Regarding Management of Heart Failure in Older Adults
Alagiakrishnan, K., Mah, D., Aronow, W. S., Lam, P. H., Frishman, W. H., Ahmed, A., & DEEDWANIA, P. C. (2024) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000677 · Cited by 1
SÍNDROMES GERIÁTRICAS EM IDOSOS COMUNITÁRIOS: PREVALÊNCIA SEGUNDO O SEXO
Fonseca, C. A. M. D. A., dos Santos, H. L. P. C., de Souza, J. T. L., Carneiro, J. A., Maia, L. C., Caldeira, A. P., & de Carvalho, F. M. M. (2024) · doi:10.26580/pthj.art68-2024 · Cited by 1
Writers, A. M. (2014) · Drugs & Therapy Perspectives · doi:10.1007/s40267-014-0136-2 · Cited by 1
Alemán, L. M. C. (2013) · doi:10.37980/im.journal.rmdp.2013132 · Cited by 1
Floch, J. P. L., Doucet, J., Bauduceau, B., & Verny, C. (2013) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(13)70715-6 · Cited by 1
Doucet, J., Verny, C., Hilbert, C., Rekik, A., Bordier, L., & Bauduceau, B. (2021) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2020.12.009 · Cited by 1
Kilavuz, A., & Akçiçek, S. (2021) · Ege Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.19161/etd.915685 · Cited by 1
Chronic Pain Self-Management: An Unmet Need among People with Diabetes
Joshi, P., & Col, N. F. (2014)
Clinician's Commentary on Arnold and Gyurcsik
Sibley, K. M. (2012) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc.2011-12-cc
Pather, M. K. (2015) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Cheng, C.-J., & Luo, Y. (2015)
An Independent Risk Factor for Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Urinary Incontinence
Sılay, K., Akıncı, S., Baştürk, A., Ulaş, A., Ulusoy, N., Maral, S., Dılek, İ., & Yalçın, B. (2015) · Acta Medica Anatolia · doi:10.15824/actamedica.30987
Kinross, J. K., & Marchesi, J. R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800344-2.00009-4
Identificación de factores asociados a cambios de medicación en personas mayores institucionalizadas
Hernández-Soto, L. E. (2013) · Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra)
FAILING ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS: WHY AUTONOMY NEEDS RECONSIDERATION
Xia, J. B. (2017) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Featured Article Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and risk of mortality in older adults
Ayers, E. I., & Verghese, J. (2016)
A guide to best practice dementia care: lessons learnt from a serious case review
Hardy, S., Delrée, J., & Loos, M. (2017) · Research Open (London South Bank University)
Fall-Related Hip Fracture : Predisposing and Precipitating Factors
Leavy, B. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Sundel, S., & Sundel, D. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19625-7_40
Bishop, K. I. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_135-1
Singhal, A., & Cowie, M. (2021) · Trends in Urology & Men s Health · doi:10.1002/tre.793
Bishop, K. I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_135
Zhukovsky, D. S. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.10.004
Association between arteriosclerosis and the risk of falls in the elderlyPreprint
Zhang, K., Ju, Y., Yang, D., Cao, M., Liang, H., & Leng, J. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2245022/v1
Pathak, P., Manandhar, N., & Joshi, S. K. (2022) · Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences · doi:10.3126/jpahs.v9i3.52264
Special Population: Older Adults
Burks, C. E., & Brown, M. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29171-5_23
Osakabe, H., Takemoto, S., Shimada, Y., Nakata, K., Yamada, N. C. F., Minematsu, Y., & Arahata, M. (2023) · An Official Journal of the Japan Primary Care Association · doi:10.14442/generalist.46.89
Talukdar, I. H., & Saha, S. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3505997/v1
Çeker, E., Çataltepe, E., Fadıloğlu, A., Güngör, F., Karakurt, N., & Varan, H. D. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4072844/v1
Spollett, G. R., Cypress, M., & Burke, S. D. (2017) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580405690.ch29
Zhang, K., Ma, Y. F., Yang, D., Cao, M., Jin, H., & Leng, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1469052
Hellou, T., Dumanis, G., Portugez, S., Goncharov, A. P., Trodler, E., Stern, A., Carlebach, I., Kahlon, O., Jwella, M. A., Nimer, E., et al. (2025) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-025-00882-7 · Cited by 1
Eton, D. T., & Yost, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity · doi:10.1177/26335565251350923
Nijskens, C. M., Schouten, A. E. M., Vroomen, J. L. M., Thomas, E. G., van der Meulen, M. P., & Muller, M. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06718-7
Pietilä, A. (2014) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Immonen, M., Haapea, M., Similä, H., Enwald, H., Keränen, N., Kangas, M., Jämsä, T. J., & Korpelainen, R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12577100
Liu, E., Nahid, M., Musse, M., Chen, L., Hilmer, S. N., Zullo, A., Kwak, M. J., Lachs, M., Levitan, E. B., Safford, M. M., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26606806
Harlow, E. N., & Lyons, W. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-08936-4.00012-1
Qiu, J., Zhang, S., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, N., Cao, Q., Sun, G., Zhou, L., Sun, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1853890
Erdoğan, K., & Erten, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1931199
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, P. G., Cigolle, C., & Blaum, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 511-516
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W1592920221
- Cited by
- 264
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 9.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Hartford Foundation for Public Giving
- National Institutes of Health (1f32ag027649-01)
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center
- National Institute on Aging (R01 AG021493A, R01AG021493, 1F32AG027649-01)
- National Center for Research Resources
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- chronic disease, geriatric syndromes, multimorbidity, comorbidities, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, urinary incontinence, injurious falls, older adults, nursing home residents, sex differences, living arrangements, net worth
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angina Pectoris, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Health Surveys, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Myocardial Infarction, Sick Role, Syndrome, United States, Urinary Incontinence, Geriatric Assessment, Comorbidity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
