The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Drugs, and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with diabetes mellitus treated with metformin or other antidiabetic drugs. Design: Case–control study. Setting: The United Kingdom–based General Practice Research Database (GPRD), a well‐established primary care database. Participants: Seven thousand eighty‐six individuals aged 65 and older with an incident diagnosis of AD identified between 1998 and 2008 and the same number of matched controls without dementia. Matching criteria were age, sex, general practice, calendar time, and years of history in the database. Measurements: Comparison of previous use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs between cases and controls and calculation of corresponding odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using conditional logistic regression. Risk estimates were stratified according to duration of use and adjusted for potential confounders. Results: As compared with nonusers, long‐term users of 60 or more metformin prescriptions were at greater risk of developing AD (adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.12–2.60), but there was no consistent trend with increasing number of prescriptions. Long‐term use of other antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.72–1.42), thiazolidinediones (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.31–2.40), or insulin (AOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.58–1.73) was not related to an altered risk of developing AD. Conclusion: Long‐term use of sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, or insulin was not associated with an altered risk of developing AD. There was a suggestion of a slightly higher risk of AD in long‐term users of metformin.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Larson, E. B., Wang, L., Bowen, J. D., McCormick, W. C., Teri, L., Crane, P., & Kukull, W. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00004 · Cited by 1,463
Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function
Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.5.661 · Cited by 1,258
Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies
Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1256 · Cited by 1,207
Consumption of Fish and n-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease
Morris, M. C., Evans, D. A., Bienias, J. L., Tangney, C. C., Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S., Aggarwal, N., & Schneider, J. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.7.940 · Cited by 1,135
Jick, H., Jick, S. S., & Derby, L. E. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6779.766 · Cited by 839
Self-citationGold, M., Alderton, C., Zvartau-Hind, M., Egginton, S., Saunders, A. M., Irizarry, M., Craft, S., Landreth, G., Linnamägi, Ü., & Sawchak, S. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000318845 · Cited by 361
MacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E., & McDowell, I. (2002) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000064928 · Cited by 313
Gupta, A., Bisht, B., & Dey, C. S. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.033 · Cited by 302
Beeri, M. S., Schmeidler, J., Silverman, J. M., Gandy, S., Wysocki, M., Hannigan, C. M., Purohit, D. P., Lesser, G., Grossman, H. T., & Haroutunian, V. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000324925.95210.6d · Cited by 157
Farrer, L. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550160069041 · Cited by 124
Cited by
Type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction–towards effective management of both comorbidities
Srikanth, V., Sinclair, A. J., Hill-Briggs, F., Moran, C., & Biessels, G. J. (2020) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30118-2 · Cited by 465
Butterfield, D. A., Di Domenico, F., & Barone, E. (2014) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.010 · Cited by 402
Increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes is associated with metformin
Moore, E. M., Mander, A. G., Ames, D., Kotowicz, M. A., Carne, R. P., Brodaty, H., Woodward, M., Boundy, K., Ellis, K. A., Bush, A. I., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-0229 · Cited by 349
Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in neurodegeneration
Querfurth, H., & Lee, H.-K. (2021) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-021-00428-5 · Cited by 288
Campbell, J. M., Stephenson, M. D., de Courten, B., Chapman, I., Bellman, S. M., & Aromataris, E. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-180263 · Cited by 292
Metadata
- Authors
- Imfeld, P., Bodmer, M., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-03-28
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 916-921
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W2086679674
- Cited by
- 388
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 10.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
