The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Atrial Flutter Mapping and Ablation I: Studying Atrial Flutter Mechanisms by Mapping and Entrainment
Abstract
Endocardial mapping has led to a detailed knowledge of reentry mechanisms in atrial flutter. Multipolar and deflecting tip catheters allow recording local electrograms from multiple areas of the right atrium, and from the coronary sinus. In common flutter, with the typical "sawtooth" pattern, there is circular activation of the right atrium in a "counterclockwise" direction, descending in the anterior and lateral walls, and ascending in the septum and posterior wall. Superior and inferior vena cava, linked by a "line" of functional block in the posterolateral wall, make the central obstacle for circular activation. The cranial and caudal turning points are the atrial "roof," and the isthmus between the inferior vena cava and the tricuspid valve. Complex conduction patterns, probably including slow conduction are detectable in the low septal area, around the coronary sinus. Atypical flutter, without the sharp negative deflections of common flutter, sometimes shows circular activation in the right atrium, rotating in the opposite direction of common flutter (clockwise). Other atypical flutters show no circular right atrial activation, and only partial data from coronary sinus activation, combined with the response to atrial stimulation (entrainment) allow the diagnosis of left atrial reentry, without a precise delimitation of the circuits. In patients having undergone cardiac surgery, atypical flutter may be based on reentry around surgical scars. To our knowledge, the mechanism of type II flutter has not been disclosed in humans.
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“Atrial mapping studies have identified the mechanism of typical AFL as a macroreentrant circuit contained in the right atrium (RA) with passive activation of the left atrium (Figure 11).122”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [122]
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Majewski, J., Lelakowski, J., Machejek, J., & Małecka, K. M. I. B. (2000) · Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)
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Metadata
- Authors
- COSIO, F. G., ARRIBAS, F., LÓPEZ‐GIL, M., & PALACIOS, J.
- Affiliations
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ES)
- Venue
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-05
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 841-853
- ISSN
- 0147-8389 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8159
- OpenAlex
- W1573969966
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Keywords
- atrial flutter, endocardial mapping, catheter ablation, reentry mechanism, coronary sinus electrogram, inferior vena cava, atrial stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Atrial Flutter, Cicatrix, Coronary Vessels, Electrocardiography, Heart Atria, Heart Septum, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Humans, Cardiomyopathies, Neural Conduction, Tricuspid Valve, Vena Cava, Inferior, Vena Cava, Superior, Catheter Ablation, Body Surface Potential Mapping
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