CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 202Qualitative Research Methods and ApplicationsEducational Research and MethodsBusiness Strategies and Management Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Triangulation in qualitative research: evaluation of completeness and confirmation purposes.

Breitmayer, Bonnie J., Ayres, Lioness, Knafl, Kathleen A.·1993·Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship
DOI 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1993.tb00788.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The term triangulation has been applied to research strategies intended to serve two distinct purposes, confirmation and completeness. Many researchers who claim to have used a triangulated approach fail to provide evidence to show that their approach contributed to either confirmation or completeness of the data set. This paper reviews these distinct purposes and describes how triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods was built into a study to achieve them. Analysis of data related to a single construct illustrates how data generated by qualitative and quantitative methods can provide both convergent validity and a broader understanding of one's subject matter.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1993.tb00788.x

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. Achenach T., 1983, Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile
  2. Austin J., 1987, Child Attitude Toward Impact of Illness Scale (CATIS)
  3. Breitmayer B.J., 1992, Social competence of school‐aged children with chronic illness, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 7, 181
  4. Breslau N., 1982, Psychological distress in mothers of disabled children, American Journal of Diseases of Children, 136, 682
  5. Burr W., 1979, Contemporary theories about the family, 42
  6. Campbell D.T., 1956, Leadership and its effects upon the group
  7. 10.1007/BF00916356 · DOI
  8. Denzin N., 1970, The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods
  9. 10.2307/1130193 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1177/019394598801000206 · DOI
  11. 10.4135/9781412984775 · DOI
  12. 10.1097/00006199-198411000-00022 · DOI
  13. Harter S., 1985, Manual for the self‐perception profile for children
  14. 10.1177/019394598801000202 · DOI
  15. 10.1207/s15374424jccp1904_7 · DOI
  16. 10.1097/00006199-198705000-00025 · DOI
  17. Holaday B., 1991, Stability of school‐age survey responses, Image, 23, 119
  18. Jick T., 1983, Qualitative methodology, 135
  19. 10.1093/jpepsy/13.2.171 · DOI
  20. 10.4135/9781483349015.n26 · DOI
  21. Knafl K.A., 1990, Family management style: Concept analysis and development, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 5, 4
  22. 10.1007/BF01807017 · DOI
  23. McNair D.M., 1981, Profile of mood states
  24. 10.1097/00012272-199004000-00005 · DOI
  25. Meyers S.T., 1989, Guidelines for integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches, Nursing Research, 38, 299
  26. Miles M., 1984, Qualitative data analysis: A source book of new methods
  27. 10.1097/00012272-198604000-00004 · DOI
  28. Patton M.Q., 1990, Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed)
  29. 10.1097/00006199-198207000-00011 · DOI
  30. Stein R.E., 1982, A noncategorical approach to chronic childhood illness, Public Health Reports, 97, 354
  31. 10.1093/jpepsy/13.2.197 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 202

Metadata

Authors
Breitmayer, B. J., Ayres, L., & Knafl, K. A.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author
Breitmayer, Bonnie J.
ORCID
Venue
Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-09
Volume
25
Issue
3
Pages
237-243
ISSN
  • 0363-2792 (ISSN-L)
  • 0743-5150
DOI
10.1111/j.1547-5069.1993.tb00788.x
OpenAlex
W1998024529
Cited by
202
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
FWCI
29.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5144 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Nursing Scholarship (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Iowa Research Online (The University of Iowa) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Nursing Research (NR01-594)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
  • Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
Keywords
triangulation, qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed methods, confirmation, completeness, convergent validity, data integration
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Child, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Male, Parents, Research Design, Nursing Methodology Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review