The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Point of Triangulation
Abstract
Purpose: To explore various types of triangulation strategies and to indicate when different types of triangulation should be used in research. Methods: Reviews included literature on triangulation and multimethod strategies published since 1960 and research books specifically focusing on triangulation. Findings: Triangulation is the combination of at least two or more theoretical perspectives, methodological approaches, data sources, investigators, or data analysis methods. The intent of using triangulation is to decrease, negate, or counterbalance the deficiency of a single strategy, thereby increasing the ability to interpret the findings. Conclusions: The use of triangulation strategies does not strengthen a flawed study. Researchers should use triangulation if it can contribute to understanding the phenomenon; however, they must be able to articulate why the strategy is being used and how it might enhance the study.
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Citations
Cites
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Crozier, G., Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121684 · Cited by 26,666
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action.
Jick, T. D. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392366 · Cited by 7,103 · cited 3×
“Benefits of Triangulation The benefits of triangulation can include increasing confidence in research data, creating innovative ways of understanding a phenomenon, revealing unique findings, challenging or integrating theories, and providing a clearer understanding of the problem (Jick, 1979).”
Background
Cited by
What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education
Tlili, A., Shehata, B., Adarkwah, M. A., Bozkurt, A., Hickey, D. T., Huang, R., & Agyemang, B. (2023) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-023-00237-x · Cited by 2,003
“To ensure the validity and reliability of the study, the research triangulates (Thurmond, 2001) the data collection tools to get a broader and deeper understanding.”
MethodTriangulation in research, with examples
Noble, H., & Heale, R. (2019) · Evidence Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebnurs-2019-103145 · Cited by 728
Development and validation of the camouflaging autistic traits questionnaire (CAT-Q)
Hull, L., Mandy, W., Lai, M.-C., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Petrides, K. V. (2019) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3792-6 · Cited by 496
Englund, C., Olofsson, A. D., & Price, L. (2017) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2016.1171300 · Cited by 423
Investigator Triangulation: A Collaborative Strategy With Potential for Mixed Methods Research
Archibald, M. M. (2016) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689815570092 · Cited by 355
Metadata
- Authors
- Thurmond, V. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Nursing Scholarship
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253-258
- ISSN
- 0363-2792 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-6546
- 1547-5069
- OpenAlex
- W2010815017
- Cited by
- 1,335
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 37.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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