Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,744

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists

ADL, SINA M., SIMPSON, ALASTAIR G. B., FARMER, MARK A., ANDERSEN, ROBERT A., ANDERSON, O. ROGER, BARTA, JOHN R., BOWSER, SAMUEL S., BRUGEROLLE, GUY, FENSOME, ROBERT A., FREDERICQ, SUZANNE, JAMES, TIMOTHY Y., KARPOV, SERGEI, KUGRENS, PAUL, KRUG, JOHN, LANE, CHRISTOPHER E., LEWIS, LOUISE A., LODGE, JEAN, LYNN, DENIS H., MANN, DAVID G., MCCOURT, RICHARD M., MENDOZA, LEONEL, MOESTRUP, OJVIND, MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE, SHARON E., NERAD, THOMAS A., SHEARER, CAROL A., SMIRNOV, ALEXEY V., SPIEGEL, FREDERICK W., TAYLOR, MAX F. J. R.·2005·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology

Abstract

This revision of the classification of unicellular eukaryotes updates that of Levine et al. (1980) for the protozoa and expands it to include other protists. Whereas the previous revision was primarily to incorporate the results of ultrastructural studies, this revision incorporates results from both ultrastructural research since 1980 and molecular phylogenetic studies. We propose a scheme that is based on nameless ranked systematics. The vocabulary of the taxonomy is updated, particularly to clarify the naming of groups that have been repositioned. We recognize six clusters of eukaryotes that may represent the basic groupings similar to traditional "kingdoms." The multicellular lineages emerged from within monophyletic protist lineages: animals and fungi from Opisthokonta, plants from Archaeplastida, and brown algae from Stramenopiles.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Cited by

See all 1,744

Metadata

Authors
ADL, S. M., SIMPSON, A. G. B., FARMER, M. A., ANDERSEN, R. A., ANDERSON, O. R., BARTA, J. R., BOWSER, S. S., BRUGEROLLE, G., FENSOME, R. A., FREDERICQ, S., JAMES, T. Y., KARPOV, S., KUGRENS, P., KRUG, J., LANE, C. E., LEWIS, L. A., LODGE, J., LYNN, D. H., MANN, D. G., MCCOURT, R. M., MENDOZA, L., MOESTRUP, O., MOZLEY-STANDRIDGE, S. E., NERAD, T. A., SHEARER, C. A., SMIRNOV, A. V., SPIEGEL, F. W., & TAYLOR, M. F. J. R.
Venue
The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-10
Volume
52
Issue
5
Pages
399-451
ISSN
  • 1066-5234 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-7408
OpenAlex
W2171020662
Cited by
1,744
References
3
FWCI
35.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
The paper
ADL, S. M., SIMPSON, A. G. B., FARMER, M. A., ANDERSEN, R. A., ANDERSON, O. R., BARTA, J. R., BOWSER, S. S., BRUGEROLLE, G., FENSOME, R. A., FREDERICQ, S., JAMES, T. Y., KARPOV, S., KUGRENS, P., KRUG, J., LANE, C. E., LEWIS, L. A., LODGE, J., LYNN, D. H., MANN, D. G., . . . TAYLOR, M. F. J. R. (2005). The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.