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The Effects of Childbirth Self‐Efficacy and Anxiety During Pregnancy on Prehospitalization Labor
Abstract
Objective To describe levels of anxiety and self-efficacy for childbirth in nulliparous women during the late third trimester and to identify relationships among those variables, prehospitalization labor pain, management strategies, and hospital admission status.Design A longitudinal, descriptive study.Participants Thirty-five English-speaking nulliparous women, 18 to 40 years of age, more than or equal to 38 week's gestation, with uncomplicated pregnancies. All participants had a significant other (husband or partner) and attended childbirth education programs.Main outcome measures Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory, Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form, postpartum interviews, and medical records review.Results Prenatal anxiety was significantly related to self-efficacy for childbirth in late pregnancy, labor pain, number of hours at home in labor, and admitting cervical dilation. The number of management strategies used was related to pain scores during labor before hospital admission. Women who spent longer periods of time at home in labor arrived at the hospital with a greater cervical dilation.Conclusions Antenatal characteristics influence intrapartal outcomes in nulliparas. Labor environment, at home and in the hospital, is recognized as an important component of the first childbirth experience.
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Previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth, longer birth duration, and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience.
“Although findings are not coherent [62], previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth [63,64], longer birth duration [65-67], and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience [4,5].”
From Comparing internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with standard care for women with fear of birth: Randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
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The meaning of a very positive birth experience: focus groups discussions with women
Karlström, A., Nystedt, A., & Hildingsson, I. (2015) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0683-0 · Cited by 304
“Related to childbirth, Lowe [17] developed the Childbirth Women Selfefficacy Inventory, which has been used in several studies [18, 19].”
MethodChildbirth Fear, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Sleep Deprivation in Pregnant Women
Hall, W. A., Hauck, Y. L., Carty, E. M., Hutton, E. K., Fenwick, J., & Stoll, K. H. (2009) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01054.x · Cited by 279
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“lower confidence in one's own capability to perform helpful behaviours during labour) was associated with higher anxiety and fear of childbirth (Beebe et al., 2007; Salomonsson et al., 2013).”
BackgroundPsychological perspectives on fear of childbirth
Rondung, E., Thomtén, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.007 · Cited by 200
Çankaya, S., & Şimşek, B. (2020) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773820916984 · Cited by 192
“There was a significant negative correlation of anxiety level with childbirth self-efficacy, and also between the ways of coping with the delivery process and the severity of birth pain (Beebe et al., 2007).”
BackgroundFenwick, J., Toohill, J., Creedy, D. K., Smith, J., & Gamble, J. (2015) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.09.003 · Cited by 125
“These findings reflect international research that shows close relationships between fear, confidence or self-efficacy and a woman's sense of personal control (Lowe, 2000; Beebe et al., 2007; Salomonsson et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFactors associated with childbirth self-efficacy in Australian childbearing women
Schwartz, L., Toohill, J., Creedy, D. K., Baird, K. M., Gamble, J. A., & Fenwick, J. (2015) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0465-8 · Cited by 149
“women’s demographic characteristics given the previous finding that prenatal anxiety was strongly associated with lower childbirth self-efficacy [5].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-efficacy beliefs and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women
Salomonsson, B., Gullberg, M. T., Alehagen, S., & Wijma, K. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2013.824418 · Cited by 139
“Besides that, they doubted they would be able to cope with labour and birth and they also had higher FOC.”
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“phise pain [19, 20], have lower prior self-efficacy for labour [21] and have higher anxiety sensitivity ratings [22, 23] tend to experience more intense pain and take longer to recover postpartum [19–23].”
BackgroundSystematic Review of Yoga for Pregnant Women: Current Status and Future Directions
Curtis, K., Weinrib, A., & Katz, J. D. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/715942 · Cited by 120
“Confidence, selfefficacy, and coping ability are considered important for a positive labour experience, and maternal prenatal anxiety is negatively associated with prelabour self-efficacy for childbirth and labour pain [15].”
BackgroundAlizadeh-Dibazari, Z., Abdolalipour, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05867-0 · Cited by 122
“The pregnant woman’s low self-efficacy increases their perception of childbirth pain and, in turn, increases their level of anxiety [8, 9].”
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“, 2008), anxiety (Sieber et al., 2006; Beebe et al., 2007) and fear of childbirth (Lowe, 2000; Salomonsson et al.”
BackgroundResultWomen׳s experiences of labour pain and the role of the mind: An exploratory study
Whitburn, L. Y., Jones, L. E., Davey, M., & Small, R. E. (2014) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2014.04.005 · Cited by 88
“, 2011) and her anxiety sensitivity (Lang et al., 2006; Beebe et al., 2007).”
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Berentson-Shaw, J., Scott, K. M., & Jose, P. E. (2009) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646830903190888 · Cited by 79
“However, more recent research found no relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and pain in early labour (Beebe et al., 2007).”
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Salomonsson, B., Berterö, C., & Alehagen, S. (2013) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12024 · Cited by 92
“Furthermore, studies have shown that SFOC is associated with lower self-efficacy (Beebe et al., 2007; Lowe, 2000).”
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Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy
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Tanglakmankhong, K., Perrin, N., & Lowe, N. K. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05479.x · Cited by 62
The Effect of Childbirth Self-Efficacy on Perinatal Outcomes
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“, 2009); and decreased fear or anxiety related to birth (Beebe et al., 2007; Lowe, 2000).”
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Webb, R., Bond, R., Romero‐Gonzalez, B., Mycroft, R. H., & Ayers, S. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721002324 · Cited by 67
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Rondung, E., Ternström, E., Hildingsson, I., Haines, H. M., Sundin, Ö., Ekdahl, J., Karlström, A., Larsson, B., Segeblad, B., Baylis, R., et al. (2018) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/10420 · Cited by 47
“Although findings are not coherent [62], previous research suggests that FOB during pregnancy might be positively correlated with the experience of pain during childbirth [63,64], longer birth duration [65-67], and a more negative rating of the overall birth experience [4,5].”
ResultSkills-based childbirth preparation increases childbirth self-efficacy for first time mothers
Howarth, A. M., & Swain, N. (2018) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.12.017 · Cited by 44
Validation of the short form of the chinese childbirth self‐efficacy inventory in Mainland China
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Carvalho, B., Zheng, M., & Tagaloa, L. A.-L. (2014) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000000357 · Cited by 38
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Gourounti, K., Kouklaki, E., & Lykeridou, A. (2015) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.02.004 · Cited by 29
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“Self-efficacy is a construct involving human agency, as it is associated with belief in one's capability (Bandura, 1982) and was found to predict increased birth satisfaction (Beebe et al., 2007; Berentson-Shaw et al., 2009; Carlsson et al., 2015; Lowe, 2000).”
BackgroundThe Influence of Social Media on Intrapartum Decision Making
Wright, E. M., Matthai, M. T., & Meyer, E. (2019) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/jpn.0000000000000377 · Cited by 28
“Women’s perceived self-efficacy and confidence during labor are key predictors in the ability to cope with the birthing process affecting perceived pain levels, time spent during active labor, and early antenatal bonding.(30,31) As previously noted, pregnant women reported feelings of empowerment through online search…”
BackgroundHeterogeneity in childbirth related fear or anxiety.
Rondung, E., Ekdahl, J., Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., & Sundin, Ö. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12481 · Cited by 25
‘You've got it within you’: The political act of keeping a wellness focus in the antenatal time
Browne, J., O’Brien, M., Taylor, J., Bowman, R. L., & Davis, D. L. (2013) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.04.003 · Cited by 24
“As with worry, there is possibly a ‘right amount of anxiety’ which can play a protective role in pregnancy (Beebe et al., 2007); yet anxiety is not routinely monitored in antenatal care (Taylor and Johnson, 2013).”
BackgroundSymptoms of onset of labour and early labour: A scoping review
Grylka‐Baeschlin, S., & Mueller, A. N. (2023) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2023.03.009 · Cited by 22
The Effect of Structured Antenatal Education on Childbirth Self-Efficacy
Alsomali, Z., Bajamal, E. Z., & Esheaba, O. M. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.39285 · Cited by 30
“The result is in line with previous studies that have concluded lower self-efficacy is associated with fear and anxiety around childbirth [21,23,24].”
ResultReproducing fear: the effect of birth stories on nulligravid women’s birth preferences
Miller, Y. D., & Danoy-Monet, M. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03944-w · Cited by 23
Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Childbirth Expectation of Adolescent Mothers in Indonesia
Rahmawati, V. Y., Rachmawati, I. N., & Budiati, T. (2019) · Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing · doi:10.1080/24694193.2019.1594452 · Cited by 20
“Therefore, the childbirth self-efficacy factor can act as a mother’s motivation in dealing with childbirth so that the delivery process will be carried out in accordance with mother’s expectations(Beebe et al., 2007).”
BackgroundGirma, A., Bedada, A., & Kumbi, S. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05955-1 · Cited by 17
“[15, 21, 22].”
Gudeta, T. G., Terefe, A. B., Muhamed, A. N., Mengistu, G. T., & Sori, S. A. (2023) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s423784 · Cited by 17
“25,26 This discrepancy may result from sociocultural and data collection methods used in Australian research that used a self-administered technique.”
InfluentialEmotional intelligence: Part 1: The development of scales and psychometric testing
Akerjordet, K., & Severinsson, E. (2009) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2009.00431.x · Cited by 16
Ghasemi, F., Bolbolhaghighi, N., Motaghi, Z., Hosseini, S. R., & Khosravi, A. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.7632 · Cited by 15
Mueller, A. N., & Grylka‐Baeschlin, S. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05453-4 · Cited by 12
“According to their study, women used paracetamol at home autonomously to ease the pain [31].”
MethodThe effect of childbirth preparation courses on anxiety and self-efficacy in coping with childbirth
Khaikin, R., Marcus, Y., Kelishek, S., & Balik, C. (2016) · Clinical Nursing Studies · doi:10.5430/cns.v4n3p39 · Cited by 14
“,[7] who found a significant positive correlation between the overall anxiety level and birth- related anxiety, a significant negative correlation between the anxiety level and self-efficacy level in coping with childbirth, and a significant negative correlation between ways of coping with the childbirth process”
BackgroundAn Emerging Model of Pregnancy Care
Carissoli, C., Villani, D., & Riva, G. (2016) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9986-1.ch007 · Cited by 14
Coping strategies for labor pain, related outcomes and influencing factors: A systematic review
Fumagalli, S., Borrelli, S., Bulgarelli, M., Zanoni, A., Serafini, M., Colciago, E., & Nespoli, A. (2022) · European Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.18332/ejm/156440 · Cited by 13
Frankham, L. J., Thorsteinsson, E., & Bartik, W. J. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06873-6 · Cited by 13
“…childbirth) [42] and lower levels of postnatal depression [e.g., 41, 43, 44], while childbirth self-efficacy is related to a number of factors including: pain experience [45–48], obstetric factors [49–52], fear of childbirth [51, 53, 54], prenatal anxiety [55–57], and peri-natal depression [43].”
BackgroundBirth planning for midwives and mothers
Martin, C. J. H. (2008) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2008.16.9.30881 · Cited by 13
Effati-Daryani, F., Mohammadi, A., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077043 · Cited by 11
“34 This study showed that there was a significant reverse relationship between fear of childbirth and childbirth self-efficacy, which is consistent with the findings of Salo-monsson et al 13 , Tanglakmankhong et al 35 and Schwartz et al 33 who found a negative relationship between self-efficacy and…”
ResultAlaem, F., Jalali, A., Almasi, A., Abdi, A., & Khalili, M. (2019) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13030-019-0148-1 · Cited by 11
Pregnant Women's Care Needs During Early Labor–A Scoping Review
Mueller, A. N., & Grylka‐Baeschlin, S. (2024) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12891 · Cited by 8
“These include sticking to routine activities, distraction, resting, moving around or alternative pain relief methods [18, 19].”
Understanding fear of childbirth among underrepresented populations in the United States
Roosevelt, L. K., & Low, L. K. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320922306 · Cited by 10
Gourounti, K., Kouklaki, E., & Lykeridou, A. (2015) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2015.03.013 · Cited by 10
“Self-efficacy theory has been applied both in childbirth (Lowe, 1989, 1991) and pregnancy (Beebe et al., 2007; Black, 2007).”
MethodTokophobia: Psychopathology and Diagnostic Consideration of Ten Cases
Kitamura, T., Takegata, M., Usui, Y., Ohashi, Y., Sohda, S., Takeda, J., Saito, T., Kasai, Y., Watanabe, H., Haruna, M., et al. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12050519 · Cited by 9
Implementation of Robert's Coping with Labor Algorithm© in a large tertiary care facility
Fairchild, E., Roberts, L. A., Zelman, K., Michelli, S. L., & Hastings‐Tolsma, M. (2017) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2017.03.008 · Cited by 9
Kanani, S., Allahverdipour, H., & Jafarabadi, M. A. (2015) · Health Promotion Perspectives · doi:10.15171/hpp.2015.004 · Cited by 9
“reported no relationship between labor outcome and fear and anxiety of childbirth,(43) but reported that low fear and birth anxiety in childbirth was associated negatively with high self-efficacy for labor.(21,42,44,45) Emotional status and socialized attitudes toward childbirth can affect parturient women’s childbirt…”
BackgroundYÜKSEK RİSKLİ GEBELERİN ÖZ YETERLİLİK VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGILARI
ÖLÇER, Z., BAKIR, N., & Öskay, Ü. (2016) · Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.17049/ahsbd.27714 · Cited by 9
Otogara, M., Karimi‐Shahanjarini, A., Hazavehei, S. M. M., Poorolajal, J., Radnia, N., Akrami, F., & Bagheri, F. (2017) · Electronic physician · doi:10.19082/4215 · Cited by 8
Howharn, C. (2008) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 8
Leahy‐Warren, P., & Nieuwenhuijze, M. J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14591 · Cited by 9
Let’s talk early labour: The L-TEL randomised controlled trial
Edwards, R., Way, S., & Hundley, V. A. (2023) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2023.07.132 · Cited by 6
Forbes‐McKay, K., Tabib, M., & Humphrey, T. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2025.2527658 · Cited by 5
“…than efficacy-expectancy, that is, although they believe that behaviors, such as concentration, thought, support, relaxation, self-encouragement and breathing will be beneficial, they do not have confidence in their ability to perform these techniques during labor and childbirth [25,27].”
Roosevelt, L. K., Zielinski, R., Seng, J. S., & Low, L. K. (2023) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13514 · Cited by 5
Pilewska-Kozak, A. B., Dziurka, M., Bałanda-Bałdyga, A., Monist, M. J., Kopiel, E., Jurek, K., Łęcka, A. F., & Dobrowolska, B. B. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06579-9 · Cited by 5
“In women predictors of labour pain experience are associated with having a sense of self-efficacy during the previous labour [24], their tendency to catastrophize pain [25] and sensitivity to anxiety and restlessness [26].”
BackgroundMelillo, A., Rachedi, S., Caggianese, G., Gallo, L., Maiorano, P., Gimigliano, F., Lucidi, F., Pietro, G. D., Guida, M., Giordano, A., et al. (2024) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2023.0202 · Cited by 5
The Effectiveness of Childbirth Classes for Increasing Self-Efficacy in Women and Support Persons
Larsen, R., & Plog, M. (2012) · International Journal of Childbirth · doi:10.1891/2156-5287.2.2.107 · Cited by 5
Critical incident analysis of the effect of self-efficacy on coping strategies in labour
Erwin, E. (2013) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2013.21.2.137 · Cited by 4
Kim, S., Kim, H. S., & Cheong, H.-Y. (2011) · Korean journal of women health nursing/Yeoseong geon'gang ganho hag'hoeji/Yeoseong geon-gang ganho hakoeji · doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2011.17.4.369 · Cited by 5
Mylod, D., Hundley, V. A., Way, S., & Clark, C. (2023) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2023.11.008 · Cited by 13
Cho, H. J., & Kim, J. (2024) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · doi:10.4040/jkan.24008 · Cited by 4
Psychological and socio-demographic correlates of women’s decisions to give birth at home
Domańska, U., Ossowski, R., & Ciżkowicz, B. (2014) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr.2014.45156 · Cited by 4
Reissig, M., Fair, C. D., Houpt, B., & Latham, V. (2021) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13282 · Cited by 3
Doula assistance on anxiety and duration of giving birth in normal mother giving birth
Darmayanti, P. A. R., Januraheni, N. L. P., & Nugraeni, D. W. (2020) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.29332/ijhs.v4n3.455 · Cited by 3
“It is hoped that mothers who give birth can go through the labor process without feeling excessive anxiety and a shorter duration of labor so that they are calmer in going through the process of an optimally healthy birth (Chor et al., 2015; Beebe et al., 2007; Singh & Parmar, 2015).”
BackgroundZinsser, L. A., Stoll, K. H., & Groß, M. M. (2021) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100642 · Cited by 3
Tai, C. (2013) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 3
The Feasibility of Yoga in the Treatment of Antenatal Depression and Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Davis, K. (2013) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) · Cited by 3
The Relationship Between Fear of Childbirth and Caesarean Section: A Critical Review
Kaya, G. D. (2024) · Artuklu Health · doi:10.58252/artukluhealth.1540352 · Cited by 2
LoBue, V. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190863388.003.0007 · Cited by 2
Power, S., Bogossian, F. E., Strong, J., & Sussex, R. (2016) · International Journal of Childbirth · doi:10.1891/2156-5287.6.3.134 · Cited by 2
“…of birth (Walsh & Newburn, 2002), and the mediating biopsychosocial model (Beebe, Lee, CarrieriKohlman, & Humphreys, 2007), which includes a focus on the interactive anatomic, physiological, psychological, social, cultural, and environmental characteristics of birth (Beebe et al., 2007, p. 411).”
BackgroundShilpa, S., Thenveer Banu, K., & Muhammed Shameem, K. (2021) · International Journal of Nursing Education and Research · doi:10.52711/2454-2660.2021.00065 · Cited by 2
Rajani, F., Vaziri, F., Yektatalab, S., Sharifi, N., Mani, A., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2022) · Central European Journal of Nursing and Midwifery · doi:10.15452/cejnm.2022.13.0014 · Cited by 2
“Moreover, physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations have been observed due to internal or external stimuli caused by stressinduced anxiety (Beebe et al., 2007).”
BackgroundLoBue, V. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190863388.001.0001 · Cited by 3
ÇAMLIBEL, M., & Mete, S. (2022) · İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi · doi:10.33715/inonusaglik.1163153 · Cited by 1
Traumatic and Knowledge on Self Efficacy During The Postpartum Recovery Period
Girsang, B. M., Elfira, E., Karo, E. I. B., & Ismayadi (2023) · Caring Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.32734/ijns.v5i1.11404 · Cited by 1
Tabib, M., Humphrey, T., & Forbes‐McKay, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2025.1597174 · Cited by 1
“The inverse relationship between self-ef fi cacy and fear/anxiety is well documented in the literature (21, 23, 36, 37, 46).”
Psychological Experiences of Pregnancy Following Transplantation: A Systematic Qualitative Review
Papalois, K.-B., Tsarna, E., Vakas, P., Stavros, S., Matsas, A., & Christopoulos, P. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62061072 · Cited by 1
Martins, J. M. D. C., da Silva, C. F., Pereira, M., Martins, H., Oliveira, C. R., Puga, A., Coelho, R. C., & Tavares, J. (2014) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.4960 · Cited by 1
Cenksoy, P. O. (2013) · Journal of Women s Health Care · doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000138 · Cited by 1
“Another study showed that prenatal anxiety was significantly related to self-efficacy for childbirth in late pregnancy and antenatal characteristics influence intrapartal outcomes in nulliparas [16].”
BackgroundBratton, B. L. (2008) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University) · Cited by 1
Prenatal Fear of Pain, Helplessness, and Loss of Control in Labor
Lederman, R. P., & Weis, K. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45738-9_7 · Cited by 1
Prenatal Adaptation Among Multigravidas
Lederman, R. P., & Weis, K. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45738-9_10 · Cited by 1
Assessing the psychometric properties of the Childbirth Stages of Readiness Questionnaire (CSORQ)
Clemens, S. W. (2010) · doi:10.33915/etd.2998 · Cited by 1
„Hugurinn ber þig hálfa leið.“ Sjálfsöryggi kvenna á meðgöngu gagnvart fæðingu. Forprófun mælitækis
Heiðarsdóttir, I. R. (2012)
Challenges of a Pregnancy Gone Wrong: Pregnancy Complications, Illness Perceptions and Distress
Currie, J. (2014) · Research Commons (University of Waikato)
Prenatal Adaptation Among Multigravidas
Lederman, R. P., & Weis, K. L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_10
Prenatal Fear of Pain, Helplessness, and Loss of Control in Labor
Lederman, R. P., & Weis, K. L. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0288-7_7
Clinical aspects of childbirth-related anxiety
Nieminen, K. (2016) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-126494
Exploring the Components of Prenatal Anxiety
Clemens, S. W. (2014) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.245
Fear of the Childbirth Experience.
Roosevelt, L. K. (2015) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Metadata
- Authors
- Beebe, K. R., Lee, K. A., Carrieri‐Kohlman, V., & Humphreys, J.
- Affiliations
- Dominican University of California (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beebe, Kathleen R.
- Venue
- Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 410-418
- ISSN
- 0090-0311 (ISSN-L)
- 0884-2175
- OpenAlex
- W2169690232
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- childbirth self-efficacy, prenatal anxiety, nulliparous women, labor pain, hospitalization, cervical dilatation, intrapartum outcomes, childbirth education, work environment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Attitude to Health, Female, Humans, Labor, Obstetric, Longitudinal Studies, Pain Measurement, Parity, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, San Francisco, Self Care, Severity of Illness Index, Nursing Methodology Research, Self Efficacy, Parturition, Pregnant People, Pregnant Women, Labor Pain
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