Cited by 118Liver Diseases and ImmunityPediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and TreatmentsLiver Disease and Transplantation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fat-soluble vitamin levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Phillips, Jason R., Angulo, Paul, Petterson, Tanya, Lindor, Keith D.·2001·The American Journal of Gastroenterology

DOI 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04134.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and to identify clinical factors that may predict vitamin deficiency in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: Review of our data from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of UDCA in 180 patients with PBC. We use the first available measurements of vitamin levels in each study participant. Vitamin levels for A, D, and E were measured in serum. The prothrombin time (PT) was used as a surrogate marker for vitamin K. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in the treatment and placebo groups was similar and the data sets were combined. The proportion with vitamin A, D, E or K deficiency was 33.5%, 13.2%, 1.9%, and 7.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the Mayo risk score, advanced histological stage, and total cholesterol were independently associated with vitamin A deficiency whereas serum albumin levels was independently associated with vitamin D deficiency. No factors were associated with vitamin E or K deficiency in multivariate analysis owing to the few vitamin E and K deficient patients. Factors predictive of vitamin K deficiency by univariate analysis included Mayo risk score, advanced histological stage, HDL, total bilirubin, AST, and albumin. The cut-off value of the Mayo risk score with the highest sensitivity and specificity for vitamin A deficiency was 5.0. CONCLUSION: Other than deficiency of vitamin A, deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins occurs uncommonly in patients with PBC. A Mayo risk score > or = 5 helps in selecting patients with PBC for surveillance for vitamin A deficiency.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04134.x

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: Model for decision making
Dickson, R. E., Grambsch, P. M., Fleming, T. R., Fisher, L. D., & Langworthy, A. (1989) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840100102 · Cited by 816 · cited 2×
“The Mayo Risk Score (MRS) was calculated using the original formula (16, 17): Risk 0.”
Method
Combined analysis of randomized controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis
Poupon, R., Lindor, K., Cauch-Dudek, K., Dickson, E., Poupon, R., & Heathcote, E. (1997) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70183-5 · Cited by 648
Self-citation
Long‐term ursodeoxycholic acid delays histological progression in primary biliary cirrhosis
Angulo, P., Batts, K. P., Therneau, T. M., Jorgensen, R. A., Dickson, R. E., & Lindor, K. D. (1999) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510290301 · Cited by 234
Self-citation

Show all 0 references

Research works printed but not linked: 16

Angulo P., 1999, Clin Liver Dis, 3, 529, 10.1016/S1089-3261(05)70084-2 · DOI
10.1056/NEJM199611213352107 · DOI
Herlong H., 1981, Hepatology, 1, 348, 10.1002/hep.1840010412 · DOI
Herlong H., 1982, Gastroenterology, 83, 103, 10.1016/S0016-5085(82)80292-8 · DOI
Sokol R., 1984, N Engl J Med, 310, 1209, 10.1056/NEJM198405103101901 · DOI
Hudgson S., 1985, Ann Intern Med, 103, 855, 10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-855 · DOI
Jeffrey G., 1987, J Hepatol, 4, 307, 10.1016/S0168-8278(87)80539-1 · DOI
Kaplan M., 1988, Gastroenterology, 95, 787, 10.1016/S0016-5085(88)80029-5 · DOI
Munoz S., 1989, Hepatology, 9, 525, 10.1002/hep.1840090403 · DOI
Sokol R., 1989, Gastroenterology, 96, 479, 10.1016/0016-5085(89)91574-6 · DOI
Arria A., 1990, Am J Clin Nutr, 52, 383, 10.1093/ajcn/52.2.383 · DOI
Guanabens N., 1990, Am J Gastroenterol, 85, 1356
Kowdley K., 1997, Am J Gastroenterol, 92, 2059
Lindor K., 1994, Gastroenterology, 106, 1284, 10.1016/0016-5085(94)90021-3 · DOI · Paper page
Kao P., 1984, Clin Chem, 30, 56, 10.1093/clinchem/30.1.56 · DOI
Angulo P., 1999, Liver, 19, 115, 10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00020.x · DOI · Paper page

Sorted by citations

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
Hirschfield, G. M., Beuers, U., Corpechot, C., Invernizzi, P., Jones, D., Marzioni, M., & Schramm, C. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.022 · Cited by 1,480
Primary biliary cirrhosis # †
Lindor, K. D., Gershwin, E. M., Poupon, R., Kaplan, M., Bergasa, N. V., & Heathcote, J. E. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22906 · Cited by 1,099
Self-citation
Malnutrition, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Patients With Cirrhosis: 2021 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Lai, J. C., Tandon, P., Bernal, W., Tapper, E. B., Ekong, U., Dasarathy, S., & Carey, E. J. (2021) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.32049 · Cited by 742
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Carey, E. J., Ali, A. H., & Lindor, K. D. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00154-3 · Cited by 735
Self-citation
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Scheinberg, A. R., & Levy, C. (2022) · Current treatment options in gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-022-00384-z · Cited by 355
The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines
Hirschfield, G. M., Dyson, J. K., Alexander, G. J. M., Chapman, M. H., Collier, J., Hübscher, S., Patanwala, I., Pereira, S. P., Thain, C., Thorburn, D., et al. (2018) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315259 · Cited by 362
Prevalence and mechanisms of malnutrition in patients with advanced liver disease, and nutrition management strategies.
Cheung, K.-H., Lee, S. S., & Raman, M. (2012) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.08.016 · Cited by 340
Disturbed Vitamin A Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Saeed, A., Dullaart, R. P. F., Schreuder, T. C. M. A., Blokzijl, H., & Faber, K. N. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10010029 · Cited by 237
Review article: malnutrition/sarcopenia and frailty in patients with cirrhosis
Bunchorntavakul, C., & Reddy, K. R. (2019) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.15571 · Cited by 230
Diagnosis and Management of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Younossi, Z. M., Bernstein, D., Shiffman, M. L., Kwo, P. Y., Kim, W. R., Kowdley, K. V., & Jacobson, I. M. (2018) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0390-3 · Cited by 220
“Decreased bile acid secretion may lead to impaired absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K [114].”
Background
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Selmi, C. F., Coppel, R. L., & Gershwin, M. E. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012595961-2/50057-3 · Cited by 3
Osteoporosis in chronic liver disease
Guañabens, N., & Parés, A. (2018) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13730 · Cited by 128
Approach to a Patient with Elevated Serum Alkaline Phosphatase
Siddique, A., & Kowdley, K. V. (2012) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.012 · Cited by 102
“Careful attention to prevent and treat these vitamin deficiencies plays an important role in the treatment of chronic cholestatic diseases.(33)”
Background
Protein Calorie Malnutrition in Liver Cirrhosis
Khan, T. (2014) · doi:10.4172/2155-9600.1000337 · Cited by 96
“Over one-third of adult patients with chronic cholestasis have vitamin A deficiency, and 20–50% of adults with primary biliary cirrhosis are deficient in vitamin D [59-61].”
Background
Malnutrition in systemic sclerosis.
Harrison, E., Herrick, A., Mclaughlin, J., & Lal, S. (2012) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes160 · Cited by 83
Disturbances of parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis in non-cholestatic chronic liver disease: a cross-sectional study
Miroliaee, A., Nasiri-Toosi, M., Khalilzadeh, O., Esteghamati, A., Abdollahi, A., & Mazloumi, M. (2010) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-010-9194-2 · Cited by 82
“It should be noted that vitamin D insufficiency is not only a causative factor for bone diseases in the general population but also a risk factor for a wide range of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus), can…”
Background
Primary biliary cirrhosis: Clinical and laboratory criteria for its diagnosis
Reshetnyak, V. I. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7683 · Cited by 86
Chapter Thirty-Eight – Primary biliary cirrhosis
Talwalkar, J., & Lindor, K. (2006) · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-0317-5.50044-3 · Cited by 81
Self-citation
Diagnostic considerations for cholestatic liver disease
Pollock, G., & Minuk, G. Y. (2017) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.13738 · Cited by 88
Coagulopathy in liver disease
Blonski, W., Siropaides, T., & Reddy, K. (2007) · Current treatment options in gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-007-0046-7 · Cited by 77
Prevalence of Subclinical Vitamin K Deficiency in Cholestatic Liver Disease
Strople, J., Lovell, G., & Heubi, J. (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31819a61ff · Cited by 76
“Overall, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the present study is higher than in previous reports (2,4,13,15,17,18).”
BackgroundResult
The interrelationship between bile acid and vitamin A homeostasis
Saeed, A., Hoekstra, M., Hoeke, M. O., Heegsma, J., & Faber, K. N. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.007 · Cited by 85
Serum vitamin D level is associated with disease severity and response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis
Guo, G., Shi, Y., Wang, L., Ren, X., Han, Z., Guo, C., Cui, L.-N., Wang, J.-B., Zhu, J., Wang, N., et al. (2015) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13244 · Cited by 57
Vitamin D in primary biliary cirrhosis, a plausible marker of advanced disease
Agmon-Levin, N., Kopilov, R., Selmi, C., Nussinovitch, U., Sánchez-Castañón, M., López-Hoyos, M., Amital, H., Kivity, S., Gershwin, E. M., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2015) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8594-0 · Cited by 57
“2 % of 180 patients with PBC, using a cutoff of 14 ng/ ml [28].”
Vitamin A and the eye: an old tale for modern times.
Faustino, J., Ribeiro-Silva, A., Dalto, R. F., de Souza, M. M., Furtado, J. M., Rocha, G. D. M., Alves, M., & Rocha, E. (2016) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia · doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20160018 · Cited by 51
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: a Review Featuring a Women's Health Perspective
Beery, R. M. M., Vaziri, H., & Forouhar, F. (2014) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2014.00024 · Cited by 42
“As luminal bile acid levels in severe cholestasis are below the critical concentration required for micelle formation and subsequent lipid absorption, clinically relevant fat-soluble vitamin (A, D, E, K) deficiencies may exist.(16,109) Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and rarely celiac disease may be associated and s…”
Background
Coagulation abnormalities in patients who have liver disease.
Trotter, J. (2006) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2006.08.006 · Cited by 48
Old and new treatments for primary biliary cholangitis
Chascsa, D. M. H., Carey, E. J., & Lindor, K. D. (2017) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13294 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Liver disease, coagulation testing, and hemostasis.
Ng, V. (2009) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2009.05.001 · Cited by 42
Management of osteoporosis, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and hyperlipidemia in primary biliary cirrhosis
Levy, C., & Lindor, K. D. (2003) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(03)00097-7 · Cited by 43
“8%, respectively [33].”
Self-citation
Management of primary biliary cirrhosis
Levy, C., & Lindor, K. D. (2003) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-003-0051-4 · Cited by 11
“It was also found to lower serum levels of tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor [ 4 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Low retinol levels differentially modulate bile salt–induced expression of human and mouse hepatic bile salt transporters†
Hoeke, M. O., Plass, J. R. M., Heegsma, J., Geuken, M., van Rijsbergen, D., Baller, J. F. W., Kuipers, F., Moshage, H. J., Jansen, P. L. M., & Faber, K. N. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22661 · Cited by 31
β-Carotene Prevents Bile Acid-Induced Cytotoxicity in the Rat Hepatocyte: Evidence for an Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Role of β-Carotene In Vitro
Gumpricht, E., Dahl, R., Devereaux, M., & Sokol, R. (2004) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000117845.23762.6b · Cited by 34
Review article: pathophysiology and management of primary biliary cholangitis
Leung, K. K., Deeb, M., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2020) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.16023 · Cited by 39
Chronic Complications of Cholestasis
Assis, D. N. (2018) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2018.03.014 · Cited by 36
Relationships between blood levels of fat soluble vitamins and disease etiology and severity in adults awaiting liver transplantation
Abbott-Johnson, W. J., Kerlin, P., Clague, A., Johnson, H., & Cuneo, R. (2011) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06746.x · Cited by 31
Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction but not increased cardiovascular risk
Cash, W. J., McCance, D., Young, I., McEneny, J., Cadden, I., Mcdougall, N., & Callender, M. (2010) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2010.00717.x · Cited by 31
Oral Absorbable Fat-soluble Vitamin Formulation in Pediatric Patients With Cholestasis
Shen, Y.-M., Wu, J.-F., Hsu, H.-Y., Ni, Y.-H., Chang, M.-H., Liu, Y.-W., Lai, H., Hsu, W.-M., Weng, H., & Chen, H.-L. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31825c9732 · Cited by 30
“Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level<14 ng/mL and a toxic level as > 80 ng/mL (6,13).”
Background
Preventative hepatology: minimising symptoms and optimising care
Hirschfield, G. M., Kumagi, T., & Heathcote, E. J. (2008) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01816.x · Cited by 32
“Much like the general population, vitamin D deficiency is common among those with all types of liver disease (67, 91), although osteomalacia itself is rare (92).”
Background
Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of primary biliary cholangitis
Huang, Y.-Q. (2016) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i33.1419 · Cited by 30
Current management of primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Levy, C., & Lindor, K. D. (2003) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00006-0 · Cited by 32
“8% of patients had deficiency of vitamins A, D, E and K, respectively [131].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Vitamin A deficiency in chronic cholestatic liver disease: Is vitamin A therapy beneficial?
Freund, C., & Gotthardt, D. N. (2017) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13433 · Cited by 33
Latest and Emerging Therapies for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Zein, C. O., & Lindor, K. D. (2010) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-009-0079-2 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Concept on the pathogenesis and treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.
Reshetnyak, V. (2006) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i45.7250 · Cited by 26
Fat-soluble vitamin and phytochemical metabolites: Production, gastrointestinal absorption, and health effects
Borel, P., Dangles, O., & Kopec, R. E. (2023) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101220 · Cited by 35
Biomarkers of cholestasis.
Pieters, A., Gijbels, E., Cogliati, B., Annaert, P., Devisscher, L., & Vinken, M. (2021) · Biomarkers in Medicine · doi:10.2217/bmm-2020-0691 · Cited by 25
Fat Absorption and Lipid Metabolism in Cholestasis
Werner, A., Kuipers, F., & Verkade, H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9034-1_23 · Cited by 25
Nutrition as Therapy in Liver Disease.
Shah, N., & Barritt, A. (2022) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.04.012 · Cited by 24
Association of Circulating Vitamin E (α- and γ-Tocopherol) Levels with Gallstone Disease
Waniek, S., di Giuseppe, R., Esatbeyoglu, T., Ratjen, I., Enderle, J., Jacobs, G., Nöthlings, U., Koch, M., Schlesinger, S., Rimbach, G., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10020133 · Cited by 24
“Some reports indicated impaired vitamin E absorption under cholestatic conditions [30,31].”
Background
Old and Novel Therapies for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Parés, A. (2014) · Seminars in liver disease (Print) · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1383733 · Cited by 22
Complications of Cholestasis
Ahmed, A., & Mayo, M. J. (2014) · Clinical gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1013-7_9 · Cited by 10
Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with falls and significant fall related injury
Frith, J., Kerr, S., Robinson, L., Elliott, C., Ghazala, C., Wilton, K., Pairman, J., Jones, D. E. J., & Newton, J. L. (2010) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp188 · Cited by 21
The Challenges of Nutritional Assessment in Cirrhosis
Molfino, A., Johnson, S., & Medici, V. (2017) · Current nutrition reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-017-0216-8 · Cited by 20
Sarcopenia and Frailty in Cirrhosis
Bunchorntavakul, C. (2023) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2022.12.007 · Cited by 35
Diagnosis and management of primary biliary cirrhosis
Ali, A. H., Carey, E. J., & Lindor, K. D. (2014) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1586/1744666x.2014.979792 · Cited by 23
“Other metabolic abnormalities associated with PBC are hyperlipidemia [118,119] and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies [120,121].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in primary biliary cirrhosis: A functional connection?
Adorini, L. (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.03.005 · Cited by 18
“[25] Phillips JR, Angulo P, Petterson T, Lindor KD.”
Background
Viability and plasma vitamin K levels in the common bile duct-ligated rats.
Akimoto, T., Hayashi, N., Adachi, M., Kobayashi, N., Zhang, X.-J., Ohsuga, M., & Katsuta, Y. (2005) · Experimental animals · doi:10.1538/expanim.54.155 · Cited by 17
“Deficiency of other fat-solube vitamins occurred uncommonly in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [24].”
Background
Pharmacological treatment of biliary cirrhosis with ursodeoxycholic acid
Abbas, G., & Lindor, K. D. (2010) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656560903493460 · Cited by 16
“There may be a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, D, E, and K due to fat malabsorption [16,17].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Intensive care unit management of liver-related coagulation disorders.
Dasher, K. J., & Trotter, J. (2012) · Critical care clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2012.04.006 · Cited by 15
Diagnostic accuracy of α‐fetoprotein and des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin in screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates
Yamashiki, N., Sugawara, Y., Tamura, S., Kaneko, J., Yoshida, H., Aoki, T., Hasegawa, K., Akahane, M., Ohtomo, K., Fukayama, M., et al. (2011) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00871.x · Cited by 15
Patterns of disease progression and incidence of complications in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)
Janmohamed, A., & Trivedi, P. J. (2018) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2018.06.002 · Cited by 21
An Update on the Treatment and Follow-up of Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Burman, B. E., Jhaveri, M. A., & Kowdley, K. V. (2017) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2017.06.005 · Cited by 13
Risks of PEG tube placement in patients with cirrhosis-associated ascites
Al-Abboodi, Y., Ridha, A., Fasullo, M., & Naguib, T. (2017) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s142644 · Cited by 14
Treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Levy, C., & Lindor, K. D. (2003) · Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s11938-003-0010-0 · Cited by 13
“The reported prevalence of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies varies; in a large study involving 180 patients with PBC the proportion of patients with vitamin A, D, E, or K deficiency was 33.5%, 13.2%, 1.9%, and 7.8%, respectively [ 9 ].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Cholestatic Liver Disease
Gossard, A. A., & Talwalkar, J. A. (2013) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2013.09.002 · Cited by 75
Nutritional Management of Cholestasis
Send, S. R. (2020) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1002/cld.865 · Cited by 12
Farnesoid X receptor and bile acids regulate vitamin A storage
Saeed, A., Yang, J., Heegsma, J., Groen, A., van Mil, S. V., Paulusma, C., Zhou, L., Wang, B.-M., & Faber, K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55988-w · Cited by 12
[Advances in the knowledge of the use of micronutrients in artificial nutrition].
García, M. M., Menéndez-Conde, C. P., & Vicedo, T. B. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2011.26.1.4941 · Cited by 10
Bone disorders associated with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease
Davies, M., Berry, J., & Mee, A. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012252687-9/50078-4 · Cited by 11
Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Faisal, M. S., González, H. C., & Gordon, S. C. (2023) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2023.06.005 · Cited by 13
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Risk of Gall Stone: A Case-Control Study
Saadati, S., Salehi-Sahlabadi, A., Hosseini-Oskouiee, F., Aghamohammadi, V., Ramezani, M., Askari, B., Sayyah, A., Sadeghi, A., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2021) · International Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_245_20 · Cited by 8
“stated other than the deficiency of vitamin A, the occurrence of fat‐soluble vitamin deficiencies is uncommonly in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.[22] A small study by Worthington et al.”
Background
Neurology of Nutritional Deficiencies
Miller, K., Trifan, G., & Testai, F. (2019) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-019-1011-2 · Cited by 8
The in vitro digestion fates of diacylglycerol under different intestinal conditions: a potential lipid source for lipid indigestion patients
Xu, Q.-Q., Wang, W.-F., Sun-Waterhouse, D., Zou, Q., Yan, M.-L., Liu, X., Lan, D.-M., & Wang, Y.-H. (n.d.) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.26599/fshw.2022.9250139 · Cited by 8
Care of the Cholestatic Patient
Gossard, A. A. (2012) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2012.11.005 · Cited by 7
“8%, respectively.(74) Patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease are at increased risk for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and malabsorption of nutrients”
Background
Sensory Axonopathy Associated With Vitamin E Deficiency
Chan, K. H., O'Sullivan, M., Farouji, I., Are, G., & Slim, J. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.13389 · Cited by 5
“The main cause of vitamin E deficiency is from fat malabsorption, which includes conditions such as cystic fibrosis, cholestatic liver disease, and small bowel resection [5,6].”
Background
Night blindness in primary biliary cirrhosis
Waqar, S., Kersey, T., & Byles, D. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.090704 · Cited by 5
“Because of malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin A deficiency occurs in 33% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.(1) Retinol is the most active form of vitamin A in the body.”
Background
Management of Autoimmune and Cholestatic Liver Disorders
Krok, K. L., & Muñoz, S. J. (2009) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2009.02.011 · Cited by 6
Characteristics and Outcomes of Liver Transplantation for Primary Biliary Cholangitis in Young Patients: Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database
Singh, A., Fritze, D. M., Mansouri, M., López, R., Poordad, F. F., Lawitz, E., Cigarroa, F. G., Halff, G. A., & Alkhouri, N. (2018) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000002501 · Cited by 6
“Along with well-known complications of PBC, like fibrosis and cirrhosis, PBC can also lead to osteopenia/ osteoporosis,(34) hyperlipidemia,(35) and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.(36) PBC has been linked with metabolic syndrome,37 and the presence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25) has been associated with severe biliary duct da…”
Background
Cholestatic syndromes
Trauner, M., & Boyer, J. L. (2004) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00001574-200405000-00006 · Cited by 34
Serum Liposoluble Vitamins (A, D, E) in Dogs with Chronic Biliary Tract Diseases Versus Healthy Dogs
Habermaass, V., Bartoli, F., Gori, E., Cogozzo, A., Pierini, A., Erba, P. A., Mariti, C., Citi, S., Puccinelli, C., & Marchetti, V. (2025) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci12121195 · Cited by 3
“However, vitamin E is also reported to be low in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [7–15].”
Influential
Altered Expression of Retinol Metabolism-Related Genes in an ANIT-Induced Cholestasis Rat Model
Takitani, K., Kishi, K., Miyazaki, H., Koh, M., Tamaki, H., Inoue, A., & Tamai, H. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19113337 · Cited by 3
“In patients with primary biliary cholangitis or primary sclerosing cholangitis, conflicting findings have been reported with respect to serum retinol levels; the retinol levels of cholestatic patients were decreased or not altered compared with control subjects [21].”
Background
Practical Management of Systemic Sclerosis in Clinical Practice
Matucci-Cerinic, M., & Denton, C. (2021) · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53736-4 · Cited by 3
Primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune cholangitis
Selmi, C., Lleo, A., Invernizzi, P., & Gershwin, M. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-518-3_19 · Cited by 3
“Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins is commonly found in advanced stages of PBC ( 18 ).”
Background
SPANISH CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASES IN ADULT AND PEDIATRIC POPULATION: JOINT REPORT FROM AEEH AND SEGHNP.
Díaz-González, Á., Molera, C., Gómez-Domínguez, E., Muñoz-Bartolo, G., Ampuero, J., Fernández-Rodríguez, C., Quintero, J., Molina, E., Salcedo, M., Olveira, A., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterology & hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2025.502629 · Cited by 2
Malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, obesity—optimizing nutrition care in liver transplantation
Fortier, L. (2018) · doi:10.21037/amj.2018.01.15 · Cited by 2
“Impaired digestion and absorption from bile salt deficiency, altered motility, and bacterial overgrowth may cause nutrient loss (10,11).”
Background
Lipidome remodeling in primary biliary cholangitis
Rogalska, M., Rogalski, P., Andrzejuk, A., Błachnio-Zabielska, A. U., Zabielski, P., & Flisiak, R. (2026) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-026-02887-5 · Cited by 1
“However, according to available research, deficiencies of these vitamins become clinically significant only in the advanced stages of cirrhosis or in cases of prolonged jaundice, and are relatively rare in the course of PBC [25, 26].”
Macula, choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography biomarkers in liver dysfunction
Fikret, C. Z., Avcı, E., Ucgun, N., Yildirim, B., Yıldırım, F., & Hamaci, M. (2022) · Turkish Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1515/tjb-2022-0064 · Cited by 1
Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and nutrition
Natasha, A. V. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118872796.ch4.2 · Cited by 1
Nutrition in Children with Liver Disease: Evaluation and Management
Hardy, S. C., Tanpowpong, P., & Kleinman, R. E. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9005-0_27 · Cited by 1
Vitamin D supplementation in dogs with chronic biliary tract diseases.
Habermaass, V., Cogozzo, A., Bartoli, F., Rocca, D. J., Dini, R., Puccinelli, C., & Marchetti, V. (2026) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2026.106925
General Hepatology Concerns for the Patient with Cholestatic Liver Disease.
Deeb, M., & Ma, M. (2026) · Clinical Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2026.04.007
Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: In Search of Mechanistic Explanations and Health Improvement
Mammadov, R. A., Roest, H. P., van der Laan, L. J. W., & Peppelenbosch, M. P. (2025) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.10.041 · Cited by 1
“Several vitamins with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic effects have been investigated in autoimmune liver diseases, including PSC [111].”
Nutritional Emergencies
Kamel, A. Y., Shah, P., Pipek, L. Z., Shah, A., & Kandiah, P. (2025) · Current Surgery Reports · doi:10.1007/s40137-025-00465-9
The effectiveness of combining ursodeoxycholic acid with vitamin D in treating patients with primary biliary cholangitis and its impact on hepatic fibrosis: a randomized trial
Abulitifu, Y., Maimaiti, M., Zhao, F., Adilijiang, M., Qian, W., & Zhang, Y.-P. (2025) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-025-04118-0
“VitD deficiency is common in patients with PBC (13.2% in the Mayo Clinic cohort) [17], is associated with the stage of PBC and ALP levels [18], and independently predicts poor response to UDCA [7].”
Influential
Practical Approach to Malnutrition and Weight Loss in SSc
Bagnato, G., & del Galdo, F. (2020) · In Clinical Practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53736-4_20
Nutrition in Cholestatic Liver Disease
Goyes, D., Danford, C., Trivedi, H. D., & Bonder, A. (2020) · Current Hepatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11901-020-00511-3
Night Blindness Induced by Long-term External Bile Drainage
Lee, S.-M., Choi, J.-Y., Ho, J., Ji, H.-S., Park, S. J., Yoo, S., & Park, Y. M. (2015) · Ewha Medical Journal · doi:10.12771/emj.2015.38.1.42
“치료는 통상적으로 경구 비타민 A 제제를 매일 25,000 IU씩 4~12주간 투여하는 것인데 저용량의 비타민 A 투여도 효과적이 다[7].”
Response: Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with falls and significant fall related injury.
Boucher, B. J. (2010) · QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq050
“Although vitamin D deficiency is the second most common fat-soluble vitamin deficiency in PBC, it is uncommon and absorption from the gut is not affected until there is severe cholestasis.(6,7) The majority of those in our study had early stages of liver disease and none of our participants had evidence of cholestasis.”
Background
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Fat-Soluble Vitamin Levels
Flora, K. (2002) · doi:10.1056/jg200201160000006
Diseases of the Liver: Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Phillips, P. K., & Said, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25626-5_7

Authors: Phillips, J. R., Angulo, P., Petterson, T., & Lindor, K. D.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
ORCID: Petterson, Tanya
Lindor, Keith D.
Venue: The American Journal of Gastroenterology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2001-09
Volume: 96
Issue: 9
Pages: 2745-2750
ISSN: 0002-9270 (ISSN-L)
1572-0241
DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04134.x
OpenAlex: W2039181976
Cited by: 118
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 2.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The American Journal of Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
Keywords: primary biliary cirrhosis, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin E deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, Mayo risk score, ursodeoxycholic acid, serum albumin, prothrombin time
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Solubility, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Fat-soluble vitamin levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks