The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perinatal risk factors and infantile autism
Abstract
Objective: Suboptimal conditions during pregnancy and birth have been suggested as a cause of infantile autism. We have studied the association between obstetric factors and infantile autism. Method: A population‐based, matched case–control study of infantile autism. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The risk of infantile autism was increased for mothers aged >35 years, with foreign citizenship, and mothers who used medicine during pregnancy. A higher risk of infantile autism was seen among children with low birth weight and with congenital malformations. Birth interventions, pathological cardiotocography, green amnion fluid and acidosis during delivery were not associated with increased risk for infantile autism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that suboptimal birth conditions are not an independent risk factor for infantile autism. A high prevalence of low birth weight and birth defects among autism cases seems to explain the suboptimal birth outcome.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most studies showed increased risk of ASD among children of migrant parents [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,69,70], while some reported no association [61,65,68,69] or even decreased risk [61,68,69,70].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028099 · Cited by 2,461
The Screening and Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., Gravel, J. S., Johnson, C. P., Kallen, R. J., Levy, S. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1021943802493 · Cited by 1,016
The epidemiology of autism: a review
FOMBONNE, E. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008508 · Cited by 981
The Danish Medical Birth Registry.
Lb, K., & Olsen, J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 803
Risk Factors for Autism: Perinatal Factors, Parental Psychiatric History, and Socioeconomic Status
Larsson, H. J., Eaton, W. W., Madsen, K. M., Vestergaard, M., Olesen, A. V., Agerbo, E., Schendel, D., Thorsen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi123 · Cited by 727
A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism.
Madsen, K. M., Hviid, A., Vestergaard, M., Schendel, D., Wohlfahrt, J., Thorsen, P., Olsen, J., & Melbye, M. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021134 · Cited by 710
The Danish Psychiatric Central Register.
Munk‐Jørgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 698
Perinatal risk factors for infantile autism
Hultman, C. M., Sparén, P., & Cnattingius, S. (2002) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200207000-00009 · Cited by 561
Perinatal Factors and the Development of Autism
Glasson, E. J., Bower, C. I., Petterson, B., de Klerk, N. H., Chaney, G., & Hallmayer, J. F. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.618 · Cited by 542
AUTISM IN THALIDOMIDE EMBRYOPATHY: A POPULATION STUDY
Strömland, K., Nordin, V., Miller, M. T., Åkerström, B., & Gillberg, C. (1994) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11856.x · Cited by 453
Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism
LAINHART, J. E., PIVEN, J., WZOREK, M., LANDA, R., SANTANGELO, S. L., COON, H., & FOLSTEIN, S. E. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199702000-00019 · Cited by 439
Wing, L. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)09218-0 · Cited by 332
Rapin, I. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199707103370206 · Cited by 319
Gillberg, C., & Gillberg, I. C. (1983) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531816 · Cited by 246
Juul-Dam, N., Townsend, J., & Courchesne, E. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.4.e63 · Cited by 232
Validation of the danish birth registration
Kristensen, J. H., Langhoff‐Roos, J., Skovgaard, L. T., & Kristensen, F. B. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(96)00018-2 · Cited by 209
Obstetric Complications in Autism: Consequences or Causes of the Condition?
BOLTON, P. F., MURPHY, M., MACDONALD, H., WHITLOCK, B., PICKLES, A., & RUTTER, M. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199702000-00018 · Cited by 198
International Classification of Diseases
Sharma, A. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_40 · Cited by 192
Pregnancy, Delivery, and Neonatal Complications Among Autistic Children
Deykin, E. Y. (1980) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1980.02130210044012 · Cited by 186
Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism
Burd, L., Severud, R., Kerbeshian, J., & Klug, M. G. (1999) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm.1999.059 · Cited by 167
Kielinen, M., Linna, S., & Moilanen, I. (2000) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870070039 · Cited by 150
The Danish psychiatric register as a tool in epidemiology
Munk‐Jørgensen, P., Kastrup, M. C., & Mortensen, P. B. (1993) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05358.x · Cited by 136
Obstetric Complications and Risk for Severe Psychopathology in Childhood
Eaton, W. W., Mortensen, P. B., Thomsen, P. H., & Frydenberg, M. (2001) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1010743203048 · Cited by 135
MASON-BROTHERS, A., RITVO, E. R., Pingree, C., Petersen, P. B., Jenson, W. R., McMahon, W. M., Freeman, B. J., Jorde, L. B., Spencer, M. J., Mo, A., et al. (1990) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.86.4.514 · Cited by 124
PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS AS PREDICTORS OF INFANTILE AUTISM
WILKERSON, D. S., Volpe, A. G., Dean, R. S., & Titus, J. B. (2002) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207450290026076 · Cited by 121
Pre- and perinatal factors in high-functioning females and males with autism
Lord, C., Mulloy, C., Wendelboe, M., & Schopler, E. (1991) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02284760 · Cited by 111
The Etiology of Autism: Pre-, Peri- and Neonatal Factors
Piven, J., Simon, J., Chase, G. A., Wzorek, M., Landa, R., GAYLE, J., & Folstein, S. E. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199311000-00021 · Cited by 110
Administrative registers in psychiatric research: a systematic review of validity studies
Byrne, N., Regan, C., & Howard, L. M. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00663.x · Cited by 109
Pregnancy and Birth Complications in Autism and Liability to the Broader Autism Phenotype
Zwaigenbaum, L., Szatmári, P., Jones, M. B., Bryson, S. E., MacLean, J. E., Mahoney, W. J., Bartolucci, G., & TUFF, L. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200205000-00015 · Cited by 96
Etiological implication of maternal age and birth order in infantile autism
Tsai, L. Y., & Stewart, M. A. (1983) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531359 · Cited by 78
Obstetrical Suboptimality in Autistic Children
Bryson, S. E., Smith, I. M., & EASTWOOD, D. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198807000-00006 · Cited by 75
Hedegaard, M. S., Henriksen, T. B., Sabroe, S., & Secher, N. J. (1996) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349609033280 · Cited by 69
Brief report: A case-control study of obstetric complications and later autistic disorder
Cryan, E., Byrne, M., O'Donovan, A., & O'Callaghan, E. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172829 · Cited by 65
Bipolar disorder in women: reproductive events and treatment considerations
Freeman, M. P., & Gelenberg, A. J. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00526.x · Cited by 59
Levy, S. M., Zoltak, B., & Saelens, T. (1988) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02211875 · Cited by 45
Deb, S. S., Prasad, K. B. G., -, H. S., & Eagles, J. (1997) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00680.x · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Ciaranello RD, 1996, Linkage and molecular genetic of infantile autism. Biology of schizophrenia and affective disease
- World Health Organization, 1976, International classification of diseases
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2009) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051672 · Cited by 736
“38 When the analysis of maternal age was restricted to the four studies that controlled for paternal age the relative risk for a 5-year increase in maternal age was 1.06 ( P = 0.08).”
InfluentialPerinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1036 · Cited by 665
Hultman, C. M., Sandin, S., Levine, S. Z., Lichtenstein, P., & Reichenberg, A. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.121 · Cited by 444
“Several studies report a strong association (6-10), yet others do not (11-13).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMaternal lifestyle and environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorders
Lyall, K., Schmidt, R. J., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt282 · Cited by 427
Positive Screening for Autism in Ex-preterm Infants: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Limperopoulos, C., Bassan, H., Sullivan, N. R., Soul, J. S., Robertson, R. L., Moore, M., Ringer, S. A., Volpe, J. J., & du Plessis, A. J. (2008) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2158 · Cited by 416
Metadata
- Authors
- Maimburg, R. D., & Væth, M.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Maimburg, R. D.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-05-05
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 257-264
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2087122753
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Augustinus Fonden
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- infantile autism, perinatal risk factors, obstetric factors, maternal age, maternal medication use, low birth weight, congenital malformations, childbirth interventions, cardiotocography, amniotic fluid
- MeSH terms
- Acidosis, Amniotic Fluid, Autistic Disorder, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Perinatology, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Registries, Risk Factors, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
