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Perinatal risk factors and infantile autism
Abstract
Objective: Suboptimal conditions during pregnancy and birth have been suggested as a cause of infantile autism. We have studied the association between obstetric factors and infantile autism. Method: A population‐based, matched case–control study of infantile autism. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The risk of infantile autism was increased for mothers aged >35 years, with foreign citizenship, and mothers who used medicine during pregnancy. A higher risk of infantile autism was seen among children with low birth weight and with congenital malformations. Birth interventions, pathological cardiotocography, green amnion fluid and acidosis during delivery were not associated with increased risk for infantile autism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that suboptimal birth conditions are not an independent risk factor for infantile autism. A high prevalence of low birth weight and birth defects among autism cases seems to explain the suboptimal birth outcome.
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“Most studies showed increased risk of ASD among children of migrant parents [61,62,63,64,65,66,67,69,70], while some reported no association [61,65,68,69] or even decreased risk [61,68,69,70].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [62]
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InfluentialPerinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis
Gardener, H., Spiegelman, D., & Buka, S. L. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1036 · Cited by 665
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“Several studies report a strong association (6-10), yet others do not (11-13).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMaternal lifestyle and environmental risk factors for autism spectrum disorders
Lyall, K., Schmidt, R. J., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2014) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyt282 · Cited by 427
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BackgroundPre‐, peri‐ and neonatal risk factors for autism
GUINCHAT, V., THORSEN, P., LAURENT, C., CANS, C., BODEAU, N., & COHEN, D. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01325.x · Cited by 294
“Delivery-related risk factors for autism that resulted in one positive result are as follows: cephalo-pelvic disproportion (48); cord complication (12,18,20,21,22,28,29,30,32,34,39,40,48,57,95); epidural anesthesia (12,20,27,48); forceps (12,18,21,23,28,30,32,34,40,48,57,94,99); placental insufficiency (41); placental…”
BackgroundInfluentialZerbo, O., Iosif, A.-M., Walker, C., Ozonoff, S., Hansen, R. L., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2013) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1540-x · Cited by 277
“One report (Maimburg and Vaeth 2006) in which maternal fever was determined by medical records, thereby not capturing mild cases or those not brought to medical attention, found no link.”
Advanced parental age and autism risk in children: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
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“Among population-based studies including SGA in their analyses, 4 have found an association between SGA and childhood autism or ASD after adjusting for maternal, pregnancy, and birth characteristics.(1,4,5,11) In the study by Larsson et al,(4) the increased risk for SGA infants was observed when adjusted for perinatal…”
Environmental factors influencing the risk of autism
Karimi, P., Kamali, E., Mousavi, S. M., & Karahmadi, M. (2017) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1735-1995.200272 · Cited by 289
“Fetal respiratory distress Positive [24,31,42,47,95]”
BackgroundInfluentialPrenatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Ornoy, A., Weinstein-Fudim, L., & Ergaz, Z. (2015) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.007 · Cited by 238
“Several additional studies [144,145] and a literature metanalysis by Rosen et al.”
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“et al. 2005; Lauritsen et al. 2005; Maimburg and Vaeth 2006, 2007; Maimburg et al. 2008), and to test specific hypotheses such as the link between autism and exposure to inactivated viruses in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine (Madsen et al. 2002) or to thimerosal, a preservative used in some vaccines (Mad…”
BackgroundAtopic diseases and inflammation of the brain in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders
Theoharides, T. C., Tsilioni, I., Patel, A., & Doyle, R. (2016) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2016.77 · Cited by 234
Yirmiya, N., & Charman, T. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02214.x · Cited by 234
Oldereid, N. B., Wennerholm, U., Pinborg, A. B., Loft, A., Laivuori, H. M., Petzold, M., Romundstad, L. B., Söderström‐Anttila, V., & Bergh, C. (2018) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmy005 · Cited by 228
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Can association between preterm birth and autism be explained by maternal or neonatal morbidity?
Buchmayer, S., Johansson, S., Johansson, A., Hultman, C. M., Sparén, P., & Cnattingius, S. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3582 · Cited by 215
Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism in China
Zhang, X., Lv, C.-C., Tian, J., Miao, R.-J., Wei, X., Hertz‐Picciotto, I., & Qi, L. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-0992-0 · Cited by 191
“Abnormal gestational age (\35 or [42 weeks vs. 35–42) 4.72 1.92,11.60 0.0007 Fetal nuchal cord 5.41 1.97,14.81 0.001 Caesarian delivery& 1.83 0.98, 3.43 0.06 Abnormal birth weight (\2,500 g vs. 2,500–4,500 g) 1.46 0.65, 3.13 0.36”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMigration and autism spectrum disorder: population-based study
Magnusson, C., Rai, D., Goodman, A., Lundberg, M., Idring, S., Svensson, A., Koupil, I., Serlachius, E., & Dalman, C. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.095125 · Cited by 175
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adolescents Born Weighing <2000 Grams
Pinto-Martin, J. A., Levy, S. E., Feldman, J. F., Lorenz, J. M., Paneth, N., & Whitaker, A. H. (2011) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2846 · Cited by 178
Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors of autism spectrum disorder
Hisle-Gorman, E., Susi, A., Stokes, T., Gorman, G., Erdie-Lalena, C., & Nylund, C. M. (2018) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2018.23 · Cited by 163
Jung, C., Lin, Y.-T., & Hwang, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075510 · Cited by 170
Schendel, D. E., DiGuiseppi, C., Croen, L. A., Fallin, M. D., Reed, P. L., Schieve, L. A., Wiggins, L. D., Daniels, J., Grether, J., Levy, S. E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1461-8 · Cited by 154
“…the United States (Minnesota Department of Health 2009), higher rates among immigrant populations in Northern European countries (Hultman et al. 2002; Maimburg and Vaeth 2006), and variations in ASD prevalence by socioeconomic status (defined by household education and income) (Durkin et al. 2010).”
BackgroundMaternal high-fat diet programming of the neuroendocrine system and behavior
Sullivan, E. L., Riper, K. M., Lockard, R. A., & Valleau, J. C. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.04.008 · Cited by 171
“The majority of studies that examine the relationship between high maternal BMI and child diagnosis of ASD find a significant association (Bilder et al., 2013; Krakowiak et al., 2012; Maimburg and Vaeth, 2006; Moss and Chugani, 2014; Reynolds et al., 2014; Suren et al., 2014).”
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Perinatal stress, brain inflammation and risk of autism-Review and proposal
Angelidou, A., Asadi, S., Alysandratos, K., Karagkouni, A., Kourembanas, S., & Theoharides, T. C. (2012) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-89 · Cited by 162
“Other population-based studies suggest that suboptimal birth conditions are not independent risk factors, but rather act as clusters to increase the risk of infantile autism [40].”
Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder
Yoon, S. H., Choi, J., Lee, W. Y., & Do, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9040966 · Cited by 175
Joseph, R. M., O’Shea, T. M., Allred, E. N., Heeren, T., Hirtz, D., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., & Kuban, K. (2016) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1644 · Cited by 154
“The increased risk of ASD for boys relative to girls among ELGANs was lower than CDCP U.S. population estimates and ratios reported in some [Glasson et al., 2004; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006] but not all [Sandin et al., 2013] retrospective studies of children with ASD born preterm.”
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“Prior estimates for regression parameters (for maternal education, race, and parity) were derived from crude estimates provided in five studies on perinatal risk factors for ASD [35-39].”
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“The relationship between ASD and other sociodemographic factors, such as parental age, birth order and residential location (urban/rural) also remains unclear with results inconsistent across studies [10–22].”
ResultRisk factors for autism and Asperger syndrome: Perinatal factors and migration
Haglund, N. G. S., & Källén, K. B. M. (2011) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361309353614 · Cited by 129
“Several investigators have reported an increased risk for autism in the children of immigrant women born outside Europe, USA or Australia (Gillberg & Gillberg 1996; Hultman et al. 2002; Maimburg & Vaeth 2006; Williams et al. 2008).”
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“A Danish study [Maimburg & Væth, 2006] did consider BMI as part of their ASD perinatal risk assessment work and found no association between a high BMI (> 30) and ASD; however, the cohort considered in the study had a very low per- centage of both cases and controls with such BMI (5% and 6%,…”
BackgroundNeonatal jaundice, autism, and other disorders of psychological development
Maimburg, R. D., Bech, B. H., Væth, M., Møller-Madsen, B., & Olsen, J. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-0052 · Cited by 115
Self-citationEstimated Autism Risk and Older Reproductive Age
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Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review
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“[62] Denmark 2006 1990–1999 <10 473 AD/ICD-8 and 10 Foreign Citizenship (not mentioned) 1.”
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“…ASD has been noted; our finding in the primary analysis of an approximate doubling of odds with suboptimal age at first birth (which was primarily age at first birth >30), is consistent with those reports (Bhasin & Schendel, 2006; Croen et al., 2002; Glasson et al., 2004; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006).”
ResultNeuroinflammation in preterm babies and autism spectrum disorders
Bokobza, C., Steenwinckel, J. V., Mani, S., Mezger, V., Fleiss, B., & Gressèns, P. (2018) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0208-4 · Cited by 112
Prenatal maternal infection and risk for autism in offspring: A meta‐analysis
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BackgroundDealberto, M.-J. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01662.x · Cited by 101
Curran, E. A., Cryan, J. F., Kenny, L. C., Dinan, T. G., Kearney, P. M., & Khashan, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2616-1 · Cited by 94
Risk factors diagnosis prognosis and treatment of autism
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“Abnormal gestational age, pre-term (<35 weeks) and post-term pregnancy (>42 weeks), are associated with a significantly increased risk of autism (53, 57, 67, 118, 120, 121).”
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“…psychoactive drug use during pregnancy was a risk factor for infantile autism, but the analysis did not control for maternal psychiatric morbidity [Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006], so the question remains as to whether any increase in risk was due to the medication or the indication for use or some…”
BackgroundEarly Medical and Behavioral Characteristics of NICU Infants Later Classified With ASD
Karmel, B. Z., Gardner, J. M., Meade, L. S., Cohen, I. L., London, E., Flory, M. J., Lennon, E. M., Miroshnichenko, I., Rabinowitz, S. S., Parab, S. M., et al. (2010) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2680 · Cited by 93
Obstetric Risk Factors and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Finland
Polo‐Kantola, P., Lampi, K. M., Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki, S., Gissler, M., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2013) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.044 · Cited by 91
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Comorbidity of physical and motor problems in children with autism
Matson, M. L., Matson, J. L., & Beighley, J. S. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.07.036 · Cited by 91
“Maimburg and Væth (2006) found that the mother being older than 35 and taking medicine during pregnancy was a risk factor for autism as well.”
Analysis of Self‐selection Bias in a Population‐based Cohort Study of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Nilsen, R. M., Surén, P., Gunnes, N., Alsaker, E. R., Bresnahan, M. A., Hirtz, D., Hornig, M., Lie, K. K., Lipkin, W. I., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., et al. (2013) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12077 · Cited by 88
Kalkbrenner, A. E., Braun, J. M., Durkin, M. S., Maenner, M. J., Cunniff, C., Lee, L.-C., Pettygrove, S., Nicholas, J. S., & Daniels, J. L. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104556 · Cited by 82
“…and China have reported associations that are inverse (JuulDam et al. 2001; Williams et al. 2003), close to null (Burstyn et al. 2010; Larsson et al. 2005; Lee et al. 2011; Maimburg and Vaeth 2006) and elevated (Hultman et al. 2002; Indredavik et al. 2007; Larsson et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2010).”
BackgroundThe risk of childhood autism among second-generation migrants in Finland: a case–control study
Lehti, V., Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki, S., Cheslack‐Postava, K., Gissler, M., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2013) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-13-171 · Cited by 83
“One study has shown an association between mother’s, but not father’s immigrant background, and childhood autism [18].”
BackgroundMaternal Smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
Rosen, B. N., Lee, B. K., Lee, N. L., Yang, Y., & Burstyn, I. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2327-z · Cited by 78
Smoking during Pregnancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Finnish National Birth Cohort
Tran, P. L., Lehti, V., Lampi, K. M., Helenius, H., Suominen, A., Gissler, M., Brown, A. S., & Sourander, A. (2013) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/ppe.12043 · Cited by 77
Jung, Y., Lee, A. M., McKee, S. A., & Picciotto, M. R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04413-1 · Cited by 77
Autism Spectrum Disorders in Survivors of Extreme Prematurity
Limperopoulos, C. (2009) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2009.07.010 · Cited by 82
Yip, B. H. K., Leonard, H., Stock, S. J., Stoltenberg, C., Francis, R. W., Gissler, M., Gross, R., Schendel, D., & Sandin, S. (2016) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw336 · Cited by 82
Congenital Heart Disease and Autism: A Case-Control Study
Sigmon, E. R., Kelleman, M. S., Susi, A., Nylund, C. M., & Oster, M. E. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-4114 · Cited by 75
Lower birth weight indicates higher risk of autistic traits in discordant twin pairs
Losh, M. C., Esserman, D., Anckarsäter, H. S., Sullivan, P. F., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002339 · Cited by 73
“1999; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006; Kolevzon et al .”
BackgroundHannon, E. J., Schendel, D., Ladd‐Acosta, C., Grove, J., Hansen, C. S., HOUGAARD, D. M., Bresnahan, M. A., Mors, O. N., Hollegaard, M. V., Bækvad‐Hansen, M., et al. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0120 · Cited by 67
Is Neonatal Jaundice Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review
Amin, S. B., Smith, T. H., & Wang, H. (2011) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1169-6 · Cited by 69
“…infants are at higher risk of bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity compared to term infants consistent with the findings of increased prevalence of ASD among premature infants compared to term infants (Amin 2004; Burd et al. 1999; Eaton et al. 2001; Larsson et al. 2005; Maimburg and Vaeth 2006).”
ResultGentile, S. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.048 · Cited by 70
Chien, L., Lin, H., Shao, Y. J., Chiou, S.-T., & Chiou, H. (2014) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-014-2247-y · Cited by 70
“Previous studies have investigated the possible associations between autism and parental characteristics, including parental age (Bilder et al. 2009; Glasson et al. 2004; Maimburg and Væth 2006; Reichenberg et al. 2006).”
BackgroundResultPerinatal and background risk factors for childhood autism in central China
Duan, G., Yao, M., Ma, Y., & Zhang, W. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.057 · Cited by 67
“Previous studies have identified that some perinatal risk factors such as parental age, jaundice, premature delivery, maternal infection, stress, and family history of schizophrenia, were associated with childhood autism (Folstein and Rutter, 1977; Nelson, 1991; Piven et al., 1993; Bailey et al., 1995; Maimburg and Va…”
Do children born after assisted conception have less risk of developing infantile autism?
Maimburg, R. D., & Væth, M. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dem082 · Cited by 63
“In the obstetric field, the most consistent findings in children with infantile autism are low birth weight, birth defects, mothers of higher age and mothers who have immigrated (Hultman et al., 2002; Maimburg and Væth, 2006).”
Self-citationNeonatal jaundice: a risk factor for infantile autism?
Maimburg, R. D., Væth, M., Schendel, D., Bech, B. H., Olsen, J., & Thorsen, P. (2008) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00973.x · Cited by 63
Self-citationSchieve, L. A., Rice, C., Devine, O., Maenner, M. J., Lee, L.-C., Fitzgerald, R., Wingate, M. S., Schendel, D., Pettygrove, S., van Naarden Braun, K., et al. (2011) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.08.009 · Cited by 58
“Maimburg and Vaeth, 2006 (47) Matched for sex, birth year, birth county; further adjustments for parental age, country of origin, several perinatal factors Scheduled C-S 7% autism vs. 5% control, aOR 1.0 (0.6– 1.6); unscheduled C-S 11% autism vs. 8% control, aOR 1.2 (0.7–1.9) Brimacombe et al.,…”
BackgroundInfluentialImpaired Gas Exchange at Birth and Risk of Intellectual Disability and Autism: A Meta-analysis
Modabbernia, A., Mollon, J., Boffetta, P., & Reichenberg, A. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2717-5 · Cited by 59
Perinatal risk factors and social withdrawal behaviour
the EDEN Mother-Child Cohort Study Group, Guédeney, A., Marchand‐Martin, L., Côté, S. M., & Larroque, B. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0250-4 · Cited by 57
“Sustained social withdrawal in infants can be observed in inadequate parent– infant interactions [4, 9, 17], and particularly in infants from postnatally depressed mothers [6, 13, 14, 29, 31].”
BackgroundSchieve, L. A., Boulet, S. L., Blumberg, S. J., Kogan, M. D., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Boyle, C. A., Visser, S. N., & Rice, C. (2012) · Disability and Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2011.09.001 · Cited by 55
Mackay, D., Smith, G., Dobbie, R., Cooper, S., & Pell, J. P. (2012) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12071 · Cited by 58
A meta-analysis of maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder risk in offspring
Tang, S., Wang, Y., Gong, X., & Wang, G. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120910418 · Cited by 53
“Maimburg 2006 [28] Denmark CC 473/5203 <10, M&F Collected by midwives at the first antenatal visit Medical record 0.”
Backgroundvon Ehrenstein, O. S., Cui, X., Yan, Q., Aralis, H., & Ritz, B. (2021) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwaa182 · Cited by 52
“Two studies—from Finland and Denmark— reported no associations (37, 38).”
BackgroundResultBuckley, S. J., Uvnäs‐Moberg, K., Pajalić, Z., Luegmair, K., Ekström, A., Dencker, A., Massarotti, C., Kotłowska, A., Callaway, L. K., Morano, S., et al. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05221-w · Cited by 58
Dawson, S., Glasson, E. J., Dixon, G., & Bower, C. I. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp059 · Cited by 53
Eriksson, M. A., Westerlund, J., Hedvall, Å., Åmark, P. E., Gillberg, C., & Fernell, E. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0312-7 · Cited by 50
“Regarding perinatal factors, several studies have shown increased risk for cognitive problems, including ASD in extremely preterm and low birth weight children [13, 24, 29].”
Ormstad, H., Bryn, V., Verkerk, R. M., Skjeldal, O. H., Halvorsen, B. L., Saugstad, O. D., Isaksen, J., & Maes, M. H. J. (2018) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527317666180720163221 · Cited by 45
First-degree relatives of young children with autism spectrum disorders: Some gender aspects
Eriksson, M. A., Westerlund, J., Anderlid, B. M., Gillberg, C., & Fernell, E. (2012) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2012.03.025 · Cited by 43
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and autism: using causal inference methods in a birth cohort study
Caramaschi, D., Taylor, A. E., Richmond, R. C., Havdahl, A., Golding, J., Relton, C. L., Munafo, M. R., Smith, G. D., & Rai, D. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0313-5 · Cited by 47
Costanzo, V., Chericoni, N., Amendola, F. A., Casula, L., Muratori, F., Scattoni, M. L., & Apicella, F. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.006 · Cited by 47
Raghavan, R., ZUCKERMAN, B. S., Hong, X., Wang, G., Ji, Y., Paige, D. M., DiBari, J., Zhang, C., Fallin, M. D., & Wang, X. (2018) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2011 · Cited by 42
Ronald, A., Happé, F., Dworzynski, K., Bolton, P., & Plomin, R. (2010) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01387.x · Cited by 39
Cohen, I. L., Gomez, T. R., Gonzalez, M. G., Lennon, E. M., Karmel, B. Z., & Gardner, J. M. (2009) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0863-8 · Cited by 38
“Almost 50% of these children were from neonatal intensive care units and the literature suggests that such children, including those where mothers had obstetrical problems, are at greater risk for later neurodevelopmental impairments including autism ( Maimburg and Vaeth 2006 ), and motor delays, self-care, and behavi…”
BackgroundAntiseizure medication use during pregnancy and children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes
Madley‐Dowd, P., Ahlqvist, V. H., Forbes, H. J., Rast, J. E., Martin, F. Z., Zhong, C., Barry, C.-J. S., Berglind, D., Lundberg, M., Lyall, K., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53813-1 · Cited by 37
Sociodemographic risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability
Pinborough‐Zimmerman, J., Bilder, D. A., Bakian, A. V., Satterfield, R., Carbone, P. S., Nangle, B. E., Randall, H., & McMahon, W. M. (2011) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.224 · Cited by 37
“…found a risk associated with maternal age and ASD [Bilder et al., 2009; Croen, Grether, & Selvin, 2002; Durkin et al., 2010; Glasson et al., 2004; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006] and paternal age and ASD [Croen et al., 2002; Glasson et al., 2004; Reichenberg et al., 2006], IQ as a variable was not…”
BackgroundAssociation of Autism Spectrum Disorders With Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Lozada, L. E., Nylund, C. M., Gorman, G. H., Hisle-Gorman, E. J., Erdie-Lalena, C. R., & Kuehn, D. (2015) · Global Pediatric Health · doi:10.1177/2333794x15596518 · Cited by 34
“The causes of ASD are not well understood(3,6); however, the etiology of ASD is likely a combination of genetic predisposition interacting with environmental factors in early life.(1,2,5,8,9) It is postulated that a risk factor of ASD should occur frequently enough to explain the high prevalence of ASD and have the po…”
BackgroundAn association of intrapartum synthetic oxytocin dosing and the odds of developing autism
Soltys, S., Scherbel, J. R., Kurian, J. R., Diebold, T., Wilson, T. S., Hedden, L., Groesch, K. A., Díaz‐Sylvester, P., Botchway, A., Campbell, P., et al. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320902903 · Cited by 31
“While some studies report no association (Brimacombe et al., 2007; Burstyn et al., 2010; Fein et al., 1997; Gale et al., 2003; Laxer et al., 1988; Maimburg & Vaeth, 2006; Mason-Brothers et al., 1990; Oberg et al., 2016; Stein et al., 2006), others found a modestly elevated odds of developing ASD…”
BackgroundPadgett, F. E., Miltsiou, E., & Tiffin, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668250.2010.494596 · Cited by 32
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Perinatal Complications—Is Oxidative Stress the Connection?
Mandić-Maravić, V., Mitković-Vončina, M., Pljesa-Ercegovac, M. S., Savic-Radojevic, A. R., Djordjevic, M., Pekmezovic, T. D., Grujičić, R., Ercegovac, M., Simic, T. P., Lečić‐Toševski, D., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00675 · Cited by 32
“Similarly to a previous study, we showed an increased risk of ASD development in relation to using any medication in pregnancy (49).”
ResultMaternal Immune Activation and Autism in Offspring: What Is the Evidence for Causation?
Gardner, R. M., Brynge, M., Sjöqvist, H., Dalman, C., & Karlsson, H. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.11.009 · Cited by 34
Low maternal progesterone may contribute to both obstetrical complications and autism
Whitaker‐Azmitia, P. M., Lobel, M., & Moyer, A. E. (2014) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.12.018 · Cited by 29
“Beginning more than 30 years ago with the work of Finegan and Quarrington [7] and Deykin and MacMahon [2], many researchers have found an association between specific gestational events and autism [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21].”
Association between small for gestational age and risk of autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis
Jenabi, E., Bashirian, S., Asali, Z., & Seyedi, M. (2021) · Korean Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.3345/cep.2020.01956 · Cited by 29
Social attribution skills of children born preterm at very low birth weight
Williamson, K. E., & Jakobson, L. S. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000522 · Cited by 33
“…Hultman, Sparén, & Cnattingius, 2002; Indredavik et al., 2010; Johnson et al., 2010; Johnson & Marlow, 2009; Kuban et al., 2009; Lampi et al., 2012; Maimburg & Væth, 2006; Stephens et al., 2012), and that this relationship is mediated by a number of maternal and perinatal/neonatal risk factors…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Maimburg, R. D., & Væth, M.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Maimburg, R. D.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-05-05
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 257-264
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2087122753
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Augustinus Fonden
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- infantile autism, perinatal risk factors, obstetric factors, maternal age, maternal medication use, low birth weight, congenital malformations, childbirth interventions, cardiotocography, amniotic fluid
- MeSH terms
- Acidosis, Amniotic Fluid, Autistic Disorder, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Perinatology, Population Surveillance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Registries, Risk Factors, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Case-Control Studies
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