Endotoxemia and the host systemic response during experimental gingivitis: Endotoxemia and the systemic response
Open accessAbstract
AIM: To assess endotoxemia episodes and subsequent changes in serum inflammatory biomarkers using the experimental gingivitis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 50 healthy black and white adult males and females were compared for serum concentrations of endotoxin, and serum biomarkers [neutrophil oxidative activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen] at baseline, at 3 weeks of experimental gingivitis, and after 2 weeks of recovery. Means were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Endotoxemia was reported in 56% of the serum samples at 3 weeks of induced gingivitis. At 2 weeks of recovery, endotoxin levels decreased to levels similar to those reported at baseline. Neutrophil oxidative activity increased significantly following 3 weeks of gingivitis versus baseline (p<0.05). In the endotoxin-negative group this increase was associated with the black subjects whereas in the endotoxin-positive group change in neutrophil activity was driven by the female subpopulation. Serum cytokines, CRP, and fibrinogen levels did not change during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental gingivitis was associated with endotoxemia and hyperactivity of circulating neutrophils, but not with changes in systemic levels of cytokines and acute-phase proteins. This may be attributed to the mild nature and the short duration of the induced gingivitis.
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People with chronic gum disease (periodontitis) have elevated blood endotoxin, a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and a faster rate of cognitive decline.
“People with chronic gum disease (periodontitis) have elevated blood endotoxin [85, 86], a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease and a faster rate of cognitive decline [87].”
From The endotoxin hypothesis of neurodegeneration (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- Wahaidi, V. Y., Kowolik, M. J., Eckert, G. J., & Galli, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Indiana University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Galli, Dominique M.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Periodontology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-02-14
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 412-417
- ISSN
- 0303-6979 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3075352
- OpenAlex
- W2117217496
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal Of Clinical Periodontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01DEO15145-01)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE015145)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- endotoxemia, experimental gingivitis, neutrophil oxidative activity, serum inflammatory markers, IL-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, racial differences, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, C-Reactive Protein, Dental Plaque, Female, Fibrinogen, Gingivitis, Humans, Interleukins, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neutrophils, Periodontal Index, Biomarkers, Respiratory Burst, Endotoxemia, Young Adult
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