Guilt trips and love withdrawal: does mothers? Use of psychological control predict depressive symptoms among African American adolescents?*
Abstract
This study examined the effects of maternal psychological control on the depressive symptoms of 152 lower socioeconomic status African American adolescents. After controlling for the effects of other parenting practices, psychological control had a strong positive relationship with girls’ depressive symptoms, but none for boys, even though the 2 groups reported the same levels of psychological control. As predicted, girls’ sense of control and agency completely mediated the effects of psychological control. Those who reported higher levels of psychological control reported lower self‐control and higher depressive symptoms. It was concluded that girls are probably more aware of the covert messages and more concerned for their mother’s feelings than are boys. Thus, girls may be more willing than boys to sacrifice their own identity; however, there may be psychological consequences for their sacrifice.
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Controlling parenting was associated with higher depressive symptoms.
“Controlling parenting was associated with higher depressive symptoms”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Mandara and Pikes (2008)
Thirteen of 15 studies found a relationship between parental control and depression.
“13 of 15 studies found a relationship between parental control and depression”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Mandara and Pikes, 2008
Both studies focused solely on maternal control found a relationship with depression.
“and both found a relationship with depression (Mandara and Pikes, 2008; Cho et al., 2020).”
From A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression (2022) · cites this paper as Mandara and Pikes, 2008
Cites
Explaining Race and Gender Differences in Adolescent Sexual Behavior
Lauritsen, J. L. (1994) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2579784 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
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A Systematic Review of “Helicopter Parenting” and Its Relationship With Anxiety and Depression
Vigdal, J. S., & Brønnick, K. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.872981 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Controlling parenting and depression: 13 of 15 studies found a relationship between parental control and depression (Finkenauer et al., 2005; Mandara and Pikes, 2008; Soenens et al., 2012; Cui et al., 2014; Gargurevich and Soenens, 2016; Inguglia et al., 2016; Cai and Tu, 2020; Cho et al., 2020; Klein et al., 2020; Le…”
Background
- Authors
- Mandara, J., & Pikes, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mandara, Jelani
- Pikes, Crysta L.
- Venue
- Family Relations
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-11-18
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 602-612
- ISSN
- 0197-6664 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-3729
- OpenAlex
- W1981068452
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Family Relations (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- maternal psychological control, depressive symptoms, African American adolescents, gender differences, perceived control, self-control, guilt, love withdrawal, low socioeconomic status, parenting practices, mediation
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