CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 89Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchBlood properties and coagulationNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Plasma fibrinogen is associated with cognitive decline and risk for dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment: Fibrinogen and MCI

Open access
Xu, G., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Fan, X., Liu, X.·2007·International Journal of Clinical Practice
DOI 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01268.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma fibrinogen level and risk for cognitive decline and dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Elderly patients with suspected cognitive impairment were screened and evaluated periodically. One hundred and eighty-five patients who met the criteria for MCI were enrolled. Blood coagulation functions and plasma fibrinogen levels were measured at baseline. Hyperfibrinogenaemia was defined as plasma fibrinogen > or =3.0 g/l. Global cognitive function was assessed serially with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The enrolled patients were followed for 2 years to observe if dementia was developed. There were 185 patients diagnosed as MCI, of which 17 (9.2%) deceased, 15 (8.1%) lost to follow-up, and 68 (36.8%) developed dementia during follow-up. Mean of MMSE score of the enrolled patients declined significantly during follow-up (22.0 +/- 3.0 vs. 18.1 +/- 5.8, p < 0.001). Patients with hyperfibrinogenaemia at baseline had greater MMSE decrement during follow-up than patients with normal fibrinogen level (-5.4 +/- 5.4 vs. -3.5 +/- 4.5, p < 0.05). Linear regression indicated that plasma fibrinogen level was associated with cognitive decline (R = 0.17, p < 0.05). Patients with hyperfibrinogenaemia had an increased risk for dementia and vascular dementia compared with patients with normal level of plasma fibrinogen (log rank test, p < 0.05). There was a trend that hyperfibrinogenaemia also increased risk for dementia of Alzheimer's type (p = 0.061). It can be concluded that plasma fibrinogen level may be associated with cognitive decline, and hyperfibrinogenaemia may increase risk for dementia in patients with MCI.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01268.x

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Fibrinogen elevation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is an early biomarker of dementia risk and is associated with progression of cognitive decline in AD.

    “Biomarker studies further support the notion that fibrinogen elevation in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is an early biomarker of dementia risk and is associated with progression of cognitive decline in AD.39,45-48”

    From Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models (2024) · cites this paper as [45]

    The Results and Conclusion (page numbers unavailable) associate baseline plasma fibrinogen with subsequent cognitive decline and dementia risk in patients with mild cognitive impairment. The paper does not assess cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen or progression of cognitive decline in patients with established Alzheimer’s disease. Its observed increase in risk for dementia of Alzheimer’s type did not reach statistical significance. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 36

  1. Reinhart WH. Fibrinogen-marker or mediator of vascular disease? Vasc Med 2003; 8: 211-6.
  2. Wilhelmsen L, Svardsudd K, Korsan-Bengtsen K et al. Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 501-5.
  3. Danesh J, Lewington S, Thompson SG et al. Plasma fibrinogen level and the risk of major cardiovascular diseases and nonvascular mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. JAMA 2005; 294: 1799-809.
  4. Stott DJ, Spilg E, Campbell AM et al. Haemostasis in ischaemic stroke and vascular dementia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2001; 12: 651-7.
  5. McGeer PL, McGeer EG. Inflammation, autotoxicity and Alzhei- mer disease. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22: 799-809.
  6. Gunstad J, Bausserman L, Paul RH et al. C-reactive protein, but not homocysteine, is related to cognitive dysfunction in older adults with cardiovascular disease. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13: 540-6.
  7. van Oijen M, Witteman JC, Hofman A et al. Fibrinogen is associ- ated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Stroke 2005; 36: 2637-41.
  8. Dik MG, Jonker C, Hack CE et al. Serum inflammatory proteins and cognitive decline in older persons. Neurology 2005; 64: 1371-7.
  9. Fischer P, Zehetmayer S, Bauer K et al. Relation between vascular risk factors and cognition at age 75. Acta Neurol Scand 2006; 114: 84-90.
  10. Piguet O, Grayson DA, Creasey H et al. Vascular risk factors, cog- nition and dementia incidence over 6 years in the Sydney Older Persons Study. Neuroepidemiology 2003; 22: 165-71.
  11. Gauthier S, Reisberg B, Zaudig M et al. Mild cognitive impair- ment. Lancet 2006; 367: 1262-70.
  12. Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS, Folstein MF. Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educa- tional level. JAMA 1993; 269: 2386-91.
  13. Xu G, Meyer JS, Huang Y et al. Adapting Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening among illiterate or minimally educated elderly Chinese. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003; 18: 609-16.
  14. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psy- chiatry 1960; 23: 56-62.
  15. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939-44.
  16. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS- AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993; 43: 250-60.
  17. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Ivnik RJ et al. Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease in memory- impaired individuals. JAMA 1995; 273: 1274-8.
  18. Petersen RC, Morris JC. Mild cognitive impairment as a clinical entity and treatment target. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 1160-3.
  19. Boyle PA, Wilson RS, Aggarwal NT et al. Mild cognitive impair- ment: risk of Alzheimer disease and rate of cognitive decline. Neur- ology 2006; 67: 441-5.
  20. Stec JJ, Silbershatz H, Tofler GH et al. Association of fibrinogen with cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Population. Circulation 2000; 102: 1634- 8.
  21. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Castelli WP, D'Agostino RB. Fibrinogen and risk of cardiovascular disease. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1987; 258: 1183-6.
  22. Turaj W, Slowik A, Dziedzic T et al. Increased plasma fibrinogen predicts one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2006; 246: 13-9.
  23. Von Willebrand factor, P-selectin and fibrinogen levels in patients with acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, and their relation- ship with stroke sub-type and functional outcome. Platelets 1998; 9: 155-9.
  24. Eidelman RS, Hennekens CH. Fibrinogen: a predictor of stroke and marker of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 499-500.
  25. Tribouilloy C, Peltier M, Colas L et al. Fibrinogen is an independ- ent marker for thoracic aortic atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 321-136.
  26. Ding J, Nieto FJ, Beauchamp NJ et al. A prospective analysis of risk factors for white matter disease in the brain stem: the Cardio- vascular Health Study. Neuroepidemiology 2003; 22: 275-82.
  27. Marti-Fabregas J, Valencia C, Pujol J et al. Fibrinogen and the amount of leukoaraiosis in patients with symptomatic small-vessel disease. Eur Neurol 2002; 48: 185-90.
  28. Kario K, Matsuo T, Kobayashi H et al. 'Silent' cerebral infarction is associated with hypercoagulability, endothelial cell damage, and high Lp(a) levels in elderly Japanese. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16: 734-41.
  29. Claus JJ, Breteler MM, Hasan D et al. Vascular risk factors, athero- sclerosis, cerebral white matter lesions and cerebral perfusion in a population-based study. Eur J Nucl Med 1996; 23: 675-82.
  30. Walzl B, Walzl M, Valetitsch H, Lechner H. Increased cerebral per- fusion following reduction of fibrinogen and lipid fractions. Hae- mostasis 1995; 25: 137-43.
  31. Parnetti L, Mari D, Mecocci P, Senin U. Pathogenetic mechanisms in vascular dementia. Int J Clin Lab Res 1994; 24: 15-22.
  32. Gupta A, Pansari K. The association between blood coagulation markers, atherothrombosis and dementia. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57: 107-11.
  33. Gupta A, Watkins A, Thomas P et al. Coagulation and inflamma- tory markers in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 52-7.
  34. Borroni B, Volpi R, Martini G et al. Peripheral blood abnormalit- ies in Alzheimer disease: evidence for early endothelial dysfunction. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2002; 16: 150-5.
  35. Sherman DG, Atkinson RP, Chippendale T et al. Intravenous ancrod for treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the STAT study: a randomized controlled trial. Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial. JAMA 2000; 283: 2395-403.
  36. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Suslina ZA et al. Batroxobin in patients with ischemic stroke in the carotid system (the multicenter study). Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2006; 106: 31-4.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Xu, G., Zhang, H., Zhang, S., Fan, X., & Liu, X.
Affiliations
Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (CN)
Corresponding author
Liu, X.
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Clinical Practice
Publisher
Hindawi Limited
Published
2007-10-04
Volume
62
Issue
7
Pages
1070-1075
ISSN
1368-5031 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01268.x
OpenAlex
W1934883852
Cited by
89
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 2889 d)
Locations
  • International Journal of Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Nanjing University
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Blood properties and coagulation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
fibrinogen, hyperfibrinogenemia, mild cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, dementia risk, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, older adults, coagulation
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Female, Fibrinogen, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Biomarkers, Disease Progression

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review