The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroanatomy of extrinsic afferents supplying the gastrointestinal tract
Abstract
Here we discuss the neuroanatomy of extrinsic gastrointestinal (GI) afferent neurones, the relationship between structure and function and the role of afferents in disease. Three pathways connect the gut to the central nervous system: vagal afferents signal mainly from upper GI regions, pelvic afferents mainly from the colorectal region and splanchnic afferents from throughout. Vagal afferents mediate reflex regulation of gut function and behaviour, operating mainly at physiological levels. There are two major functional classes − tension receptors, responding to muscular contraction and distension, and mucosal receptors. The function of vagal endings correlates well with their anatomy: tracing studies show intramuscular arrays (IMAs) and intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs); IGLEs are now known to respond to tension. Functional mucosal receptors correlate with endings traced to the lamina propria. Pelvic afferents serve similar functions to vagal afferents, and additionally mediate both innocuous and noxious sensations. Splanchnic afferents comprise mucosal and stretch‐sensitive afferents with low thresholds in addition to high‐threshold serosal/mesenteric afferents suggesting diverse roles. IGLEs, probably of pelvic origin, have been identified recently in the rectum and respond similarly to gastric vagal IGLEs. Gastrointestinal afferents may be sensitized or inhibited by chemical mediators released from several cell types. Whether functional changes have anatomical correlates is not known, but it is likely that they underlie diseases involving visceral hypersensitivity.
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“Due to the vast variety of receptors expressed on vagal afferents, they are thought to be polymodal, in that they respond to a variety of signals which are mechanical, chemical or hormonal in nature (Berthoud et al., 2004).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Berthoud et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“The ANS conveys physiological conditions in the gut, such as acidity, levels of nutrients, osmolarity and pain, to the brain49.”
From The gut microbiota and the brain–gut–kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease (2018) · cites this paper as [49]
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Cites
Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system
Berthoud, H.-R., & Neuhuber, W. L. (2000) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00215-0 · Cited by 1,280
Self-citationvan der Kooy, D., Koda, L. Y., McGinty, J. F., Gerfen, C. R., & Bloom, F. E. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902240102 · Cited by 733
Sensory innervation of the viscera: peripheral basis of visceral pain
Cerveró, F. (1994) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1994.74.1.95 · Cited by 526
Tension receptors in the stomach and the urinary bladder
Iggo, A. (1955) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005327 · Cited by 515
Berthoud, H., & Powley, T. L. (1992) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903190206 · Cited by 295
Self-citationZagorodnyuk, V. P., Chen, B. N., & Brookes, S. J. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00255.x · Cited by 267
Self-citationNeuroanatomy of visceral nociception: vagal and splanchnic afferent
Grundy, D. (2002) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.51.suppl_1.i2 · Cited by 251
Self-citationDistribution of the vanilloid receptor (VR1) in the gastrointestinal tract
Ward, S. M., Bayguinov, J. R., Won, K., Grundy, D., & Berthoud, H. R. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10801 · Cited by 243
Self-citationAl–Chaer, E. D., Lawand, N., Westlund, K. N., & Willis, W. D. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2661 · Cited by 241
Berthoud, H., Kressel, M., Raybould, H., & Neuhuber, W. (1995) · Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.1007/bf00187819 · Cited by 216
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Coldwell JR, 2002, Colonic lumbar splanchnic afferents respond to histamine, Gastroenterology, 122, A528
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Cryan, J. F., O'Riordan, K. J., Cowan, C. S. M., Sandhu, K. V., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Boehme, M., Codagnone, M. G., Cussotto, S., Fulling, C., Golubeva, A. V., et al. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2018 · Cited by 5,286
Gershon, M. D., & Tack, J. (2007) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.002 · Cited by 1,563
The enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal innervation: integrated local and central control
Furness, J. B., Callaghan, B. P., Rivera, L. R., & Cho, H.-J. (2014) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_3 · Cited by 827
The gut microbiota and the brain–gut–kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease
Yang, T., Richards, E. M., Pepine, C. J., & Raizada, M. K. (2018) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-018-0018-2 · Cited by 753
Sensory neurons that detect stretch and nutrients in the digestive system
Williams, E. K., Chang, R. B., Strochlic, D. E., Umans, B. D., Lowell, B. B., & Liberles, S. D. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.011 · Cited by 645
Metadata
- Authors
- Berthoud, H. R., Blackshaw, L. A., Brookes, S. J. H., & Grundy, D.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Berthoud, H. R.
- Venue
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- s1
- Pages
- 28-33
- ISSN
- 1350-1925 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2982
- OpenAlex
- W1972094807
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- neuroanatomy, vagal afferents, splanchnic afferents, tension receptors, visceral hypersensitivity, visceral sensation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Digestive System, Humans, Nerve Endings, Neuronal Plasticity, Enteric Nervous System, Visceral Afferents
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