The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CULTURAL RELATIVITY IN ACTION: A COMPARISON OF SELF‐RATINGS MADE BY CHINESE AND U.S. WORKERS
Open accessAbstract
Using a sample of 982 leader‐subordinate dyads drawn from nine different organizations in the Republic of China (i.e., Taiwan), self‐ratings of performance were compared with supervisory ratings of subordinate performance. Results indicated that Chinese employees rated their job performance less favorably than did their supervisors (i.e., they exhibited a modesty bias). This modesty bias occurred relatively uniformly across gender, various educational levels, and age groups. These results are contrary to the typically reported U.S. finding that self‐ratings of performance are more lenient than are supervisory ratings. A further comparison of the means of supervisory and self‐ratings between this study and previous U.S. research revealed that the modesty bias appeared to be produced by the lower self‐ratings made by Chinese workers as compared to their U.S. counterparts. The findings suggest that culture plays a critical role in shaping workers' perceptions of their own work performance. Results of this study are discussed in terms of their implications for future research and practice in international human resource management.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history.
Greenwald, A. G. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.7.603 · Cited by 1,942
Rater bias in performance ratings: Superior, self-, and peer ratings.
Holzbach, R. L. (1978) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.63.5.579 · Cited by 249
Cited by
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885
Contributing to global management knowledge: a case for high quality indigenous research.
Tsui, A. S. (2004) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1023/b:apjm.0000048715.35108.a7 · Cited by 547
Does the Job Satisfaction—Job Performance Relationship Vary Across Cultures?
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Yim, F. H. K. (2009) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022109339208 · Cited by 123
Methodological and Substantive Issues in Conducting Multinational and Cross-Cultural Research
Spector, P. E., Liu, C., & Sanchez, J. I. (2015) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111310 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- FARH, J., DOBBINS, G. H., & CHENG, B.
- Venue
- Personnel Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-147
- ISSN
- 0031-5826 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-6570
- OpenAlex
- W2067927414
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CULTURAL RELATIVITY IN ACTION: A COMPARISON OF SELF‐RATINGS MADE BY CHINESE AND U.S. WORKERS. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00693.x
- The paper
- FARH, J., DOBBINS, G. H., & CHENG, B. (1991). CULTURAL RELATIVITY IN ACTION: A COMPARISON OF SELF‐RATINGS MADE BY CHINESE AND U.S. WORKERS. Personnel Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00693.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
