Cited by 129Estrogen and related hormone effectsReceptor Mechanisms and SignalingEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Structure and Function of the Estrogen Receptor

PARKER, M. G., ARBUCKLE, N., DAUVOIS, S., DANIELIAN, P., WHITE, R.·1993·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The hormone binding domain of the estrogen receptor is required not only for binding estradiol but also to form stable homodimers of the protein and mediate transcriptional activation by the receptor. Residues that are essential for estrogen binding are also involved in dimerization, suggesting that the hormone-binding pocket is at or near the dimer interface. Distinct hydrophobic and charged residues are essential for hormone-dependent transcriptional activation, and these appear to be conserved by other members of the nuclear receptor family. We have found that the pure antiestrogens ICI 164384 and ICI 182780 increase the turnover of the receptor compared with that in the presence of estradiol. Because it is likely that the pure antiestrogens bind to a similar region of the receptor as that of estradiol, we propose that they inhibit receptor dimerization by means of their 7 alpha alkyl-amide extension. It appears that as a consequence nuclear uptake is inhibited and the receptor more rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb32276.x

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  • Nuclear receptors act by forming homodimers or heterodimers.

    “Nuclear receptors act by forming homodimers or heterodimers. For example, the glucocorticoid receptor [1] and estrogen receptor [2] form a homodimer, and insect ecdysone receptor (EcR) forms a heterodimer with an ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of retinoid X receptor in vertebrates [3].”

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Authors
PARKER, M. G., ARBUCKLE, N., DAUVOIS, S., DANIELIAN, P., & WHITE, R.
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1993-06
Volume
684
Issue
1
Pages
119-126
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2138484074
Cited by
129
References
51
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Keywords
estrogen receptor, hormone-binding domain, estradiol binding, receptor dimerization, transcriptional activation, nuclear receptors, antiestrogens, fulvestrant, receptor turnover, nuclear uptake, protein degradation
MeSH terms
Animals, Estrogen Antagonists, Hormones, Humans, Mutation, Receptors, Estrogen, Transcription, Genetic

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