Interactions between Melatonin, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Nitric Oxide
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species is critical for the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Melatonin hormone, an antioxidant, could play a key role in aging and senescence. Nitric oxide, a biologically active unstable radical, is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase when converting L-arginine to L-citrulline. We have investigated whether the treatment of cultured cells with melatonin could possibly reduce the release of free radicals and other ROS. We assayed NO indirectly by measuring the level of its stable end products, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), using the Griess reagent. When the neuroblastoma cells such as N1E-115 were treated with a NO donor such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a significant level of NOx was detected in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the conditioned medium compared to the untreated cells or SNP-containing media. In neuroblastoma cells, the release of NOx as mediated by SNP was significantly inhibited by treatment with (i) carboxy-PTIO, a NO scavenger; (ii) SOD-1, superoxide dismutase; and (iii) melatonin. In these cells SNP-mediated NOx release was mediated by superoxide ions and/or free radicals that can be inhibited by melatonin. The ROS-scavenging function of melatonin along with its neuroprotective and neurodifferentiating role can be utilized for the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
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Melatonin is a hormone produced and released by the pineal gland with immunomodulatory, oncostatic, anti-aging, and endocrine modulator functions.
“Melatonin is a hormone produced and released by the pineal gland with immunomodulatory, oncostatic, anti-aging, and endocrine modulator functions [450,451].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [451]
Melatonin treatment inhibits sodium nitroprusside-mediated NO release in neuroblastoma cells and increases transcripts for SOD1, GPx1, and CAT in HUVEC.
“For example, inhibition of sodium nitroprusside-mediated NO release and increased production of transcripts coding for antioxidant enzymes (i.e., SOD1, GPx1 and CAT) have been reported upon melatonin treatment in neuroblastoma cells and HUVEC, respectively [451,453].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [451]
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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence
Varesi, A., Chirumbolo, S., Campagnoli, L. I. M., Pierella, E., Piccini, G. B., Carrara, A., Ricevuti, G., Scassellati, C., Bonvicini, C., & Pascale, A. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11071224 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
- Authors
- LAHIRI, D. K., & GHOSH, C.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Corresponding author
- LAHIRI, D. K.
- ORCID
- LAHIRI, D. K.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 893
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 325-330
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2090161643
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (AG14882-01, R03AG014882)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- melatonin, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, sodium nitroprusside, nitrite/nitrate, cPTIO, neuroblastoma cells, free radicals, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Benzoates, Cerebellum, Imidazoles, Kinetics, Melatonin, Neuroblastoma, Nitric Oxide, Nitroprusside, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide Synthase
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