The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 109 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hormones in Endometrial Cancer: Review of the Evidence and Research Perspectives
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs in the United States. International comparisons reveal that the incidence of endometrial cancer vary widely between different countries with the highest rates observed in North America and Northern Europe, intermediate rates in Eastern Europe and Latin America, and lowest rates in Asia and Africa. International variation in endometrial cancer rates may represent differences in the distribution of known risk factors, which include obesity, postmenopausal estrogen replacement, ovarian dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, infertility, nulliparity, and tamoxifen use. Most of the risk factors for endometrial cancer can be explained within the framework of the unopposed estrogen hypothesis, which proposes that exposure to estrogens unopposed by progesterone or synthetic progestins leads to increased mitotic activity of endometrial cells, increased number of DNA replication errors, and somatic mutations resulting in malignant phenotype. Although the impact of exogenous hormone replacement was intensively studied during the last two decades, less is known about the effects of endogenous hormones in endometrial cancer. A review of available experimental, clinical, and epidemiologic data suggests that in addition to estrogens, other endogenous hormones, including progesterone, androgens, gonadotropins, prolactin, insulin, and insulin‐like growth factors, may play a role in the pathogenesis of different histopathologic types of endometrial cancer.
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1 retracted
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Increased Risk of Endometrial Carcinoma among Users of Conjugated Estrogens
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Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: A meta-analysis
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Source of Estrogen Production in Postmenopausal Women1
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ADJUVANT TAMOXIFEN IN EARLY BREAST CANCER: OCCURRENCE OF NEW PRIMARY CANCERS
Fornander, T., Cedermark, B., Mattsson, A., Skoog, L., Theve, T., Askergren, J., Rutqvist, L., Glas, U., Silfverswärd, C., Somell, A., et al. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91141-0 · Cited by 920
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Cited by
Patel, H. K., & Bihani, T. (2018) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.012 · Cited by 499
Circulating Adiponectin and Endometrial Cancer Risk
Dal Maso, L., Augustin, L. S. A., Karalis, A., Talamini, R., Franceschi, S., Trichopoulos, D., Mantzoros, C. S., & La Vecchia, C. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031716 · Cited by 256
AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 may determine progesterone and estrogen ratios in endometrial cancer
Rižner, T. L., Šmuc, T., Rupreht, R., Šinkovec, J., & Penning, T. M. (2006) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.10.009 · Cited by 159
The important roles of steroid sulfatase and sulfotransferases in gynecological diseases
Rižner, T. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00030 · Cited by 98
Lengyel, E., Li, Y., Weigert, M., Zhu, L., Eckart, H., Javellana, M., Ackroyd, S., Xiao, J., Olalekan, S., Glass, D., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111838 · Cited by 78
Metadata
- Authors
- AKHMEDKHANOV, A., ZELENIUCH‐JACQUOTTE, A., & TONIOLO, P.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 943
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 296-315
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1862864205
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 109
- FWCI
- 16.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hormones in Endometrial Cancer: Review of the Evidence and Research Perspectives. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03811.x
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- AKHMEDKHANOV, A., ZELENIUCH‐JACQUOTTE, A., & TONIOLO, P. (2001). Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hormones in Endometrial Cancer: Review of the Evidence and Research Perspectives. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03811.x
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
