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Mouse Behavioral Assays Relevant to the Symptoms of Autism*
Open accessAbstract
While the cause of autism remains unknown, the high concordance between monozygotic twins supports a strong genetic component. The importance of genetic factors in autism encourages the development of mutant mouse models, to advance our understanding of biological mechanisms underlying autistic behaviors. Mouse models of human neuropsychiatric diseases are designed to optimize (i) face validity (resemblance to the human symptoms) (ii) construct validity (similarity to the underlying causes of the disease) and (iii) predictive validity (expected responses to treatments that are effective in the human disease). There is a growing need for mouse behavioral tasks with all three types of validity, to define robust phenotypes in mouse models of autism. Ideal mouse models will incorporate analogies to the three diagnostic symptoms of autism: abnormal social interactions, deficits in communication and high levels of repetitive behaviors. Social approach is tested in an automated three chambered apparatus that offers the subject a choice between spending time with another mouse, with a novel object, or remaining in an empty familiar environment. Reciprocal social interaction is scored from videotapes of interactions between pairs of unfamiliar mice. Communication is evaluated by measuring emission and responses to vocalizations and olfactory cues. Repetitive behaviors are scored for measures of grooming, jumping, or stereotyped sniffing of one location or object. Insistence on sameness is modeled by scoring a change in habit, for example, reversal of the spatial location of a reinforcer in the Morris water maze or T‐maze. Associated features of autism, for example, mouse phenotypes relevant to anxiety, seizures, sleep disturbances and sensory hypersensitivity, may be useful to include in a mouse model that meets some of the core diagnostic criteria. Applications of these assays include (i) behavioral phenotyping of transgenic and knockout mice with mutations in genes relevant to autism; (ii) characterization of inbred strains of mice; (iii) evaluation of environmental toxins; (iv) comparison of behavioral phenotypes with genetic factors, such as unusual expression patterns of genes or unusual single nucleotide polymorphisms; and (v) evaluation of proposed therapeutics for the treatment of autism.
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“Because impairments in social behavior is one of hallmarks of ASD1415”
From Transient blockade of ERK phosphorylation in the critical period causes autistic phenotypes as an adult in mice (2015) · cites this paper as [15]
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Cites
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Items 401–500 of 538
G4.5 Pamam Dendrimer-Risperidone: Biodistribution and Behavioral Changes in In Vivo Model
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“This consecutive arrangement allowed an efficient performance and a minimum decrease in plasma drug levels [16,17].”
BackgroundInterleukin 15 modulates the effects of poly I:C maternal immune activation on offspring behaviour
Haddad, F. L., Patel, S. V., Doornaert, E. E., Oliveira, C. D., Allman, B. L., Baines, K. J., Renaud, S. J., & Schmid, S. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100473 · Cited by 8
“Each rat’s preference for a conspecific over an inanimate object (sociability), as well as its preference for a stranger rat over a familiar rat (social novelty), were assessed using the previously established 3-chamber assay (Crawley, 2007; Moy et al., 2004; Scott et al., 2020).”
MethodGal, A., Raykin, E., Giladi, S., Lederman, D., Kofman, O., & Golan, H. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1274039 · Cited by 7
“The importance of social cues in modifying adult rodent USVs led to the exploration of USV production in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder defined by deficits in social communication and affiliation (Crawley, 2007).”
BackgroundPro-Inflammatory Phenotype Induced by Maternal Immune Stimulation During Pregnancy
Nicholas, M., Mandal, M., Elkabes, S., Zhang, P., Sadoshima, J., Basak, S., Zhai, P., & DONNELLY, R. J. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53990 · Cited by 7
“These include (i) face validity (resemblance to the human symptoms) (ii) construct validity (similarity to the underlying causes of the dis‐ ease) and (iii) predictive validity (expected responses to treatments that are effective in the human disease) [42].”
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“Inappropriate social interaction is one of the core symptoms of autism (Bolivar et al., 2007; Crawley, 2007).”
BackgroundFrom market baskets to mole rats
McCloskey, D. P., Kress, M., Imberman, S. P., Кушнір, І. М., & Briffa-Mirabella, S. (2011) · ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD) · doi:10.1145/2020408.2020459 · Cited by 7
“Traditional approaches for this type of measurement involve recording the amount of time a test animal spends in the area of a maze where another animal resides during a 15 minute test period [11].”
BackgroundLong-lasting glutamatergic modulation induced by neonatal GABA enhancement in mice
Melamed, O. C., Levav-Rabkin, T., Zukerman, C., Clarke, G. A., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., Grossman, Y. R., & Golan, H. M. (2014) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.12.015 · Cited by 7
Neuroinflammation in Animal Models of Autism
Kazlauskas, N., Robinson‐Agramonte, M. D. L. Á., & Depino, A. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16321-5_8 · Cited by 7
Age-dependent effects on social interaction of NMDA GluN2A receptor subtype-selective antagonism
Green, T. L., Burket, J. A., & Deutsch, S. I. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.017 · Cited by 7
“Sociability was tested in a three-compartment apparatus using an established behavioral procedure (Brodkin, 2007; Burket et al., 2013, 2010; Crawley, 2007, 2004; Deutsch et al., 2012; Jacome et al., 2011b; Sankoorikal et al., 2006).”
MethodFilippis, B. D., Ricceri, L., & Giovanni Laviola, A. (2009) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-474-6_8 · Cited by 7
Catanese, M. C., & Vandenberg, L. N. (2017) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.10.013 · Cited by 7
“Future studies are needed to assess if these observed behaviors are related to maternal motivation or OCD-like behavior using insistence on sameness modeling or a signal attenuation test (Crawley, 2007; Garner and Mason, 2002; Gross et al., 2012; Joel, 2006; Low, 2003).”
BackgroundCalcium Imaging in Drug Discovery for Psychiatric Disorders
Seshadri, S., Hoeppner, D. J., & Tajinda, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00713 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, while many aspects of these diseases (such as psychosis or intellectual disability) are difficult to model in mice, several paradigms exist to test social behaviors (55).”
BackgroundAlteration of Neurodevelopment and behavior by Maternal Immune Activation
Smith, S. E. P., & Patterson, P. H. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-84851-8_7 · Cited by 7
“Finally, social interaction is a central deficit in autism, and several tests have been developed to monitor the interaction between two mice placed in a shared enclosure ( Crawley, 2007 ).”
BackgroundA Single Test to Study Social Behavior and Repetitive Self-grooming in Mice
Lawande, N. V., Ujjainwala, A. L., & Christian, C. A. (2020) · BIO-PROTOCOL · doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.3499 · Cited by 6
“Although a mouse model will not perfectly replicate human disease, overall symptoms can apply when investigating theories regarding genetic or environmental modulation (Crawley, 2007).”
BackgroundKordás, K. S., Kis-Varga, Á., Varga, A., Eldering, H., Bulthuis, R., Lendvai, B., Lévay, G. I., & Román, V. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108841 · Cited by 7
Bacterial TLR2/6 Ligands Block Ciliogenesis, Derepress Hedgehog Signaling, and Expand the Neocortex
Mann, B., Crawford, J. C., Reddy, K., Lott, J., Youn, Y. H., Gao, G., Guy, C. S., Chou, C., Darnell, D., Trivedi, S., et al. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00510-23 · Cited by 6
“Working memory, repetitive behavior, and sociability were assessed as previously described (20, 63).”
MethodLee, H. H. C., Latzer, I. T., Bertoldi, M., Gao, G., Pearl, P. L., Şahin, M., & Rotenberg, A. (2024) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1002/jimd.12735 · Cited by 7
“90 – 92 An in vivo disease model also provides an opportunity to study pharmaco-kinetics (the study of how an organism interacts and metabolizes a drug) and pharmacodynamics (the study of how the drug affects the organism), as well as testing clinically relevant delivery routes and their associated…”
BackgroundGordon, E. A., & Corbitt, C. (2015) · Journal of Ethology · doi:10.1007/s10164-015-0429-5 · Cited by 6
“Although mice do not generally display ''rough and tumble play,'' other measures to assess social reciprocity and play include nose-to-nose sniffing, anogenital sniffing, following , crawling over/under, and social grooming (Crawley 2007).”
InfluentialNeurobehavioral testing for developmental toxicity
Graham, D. L., Schaefer, T. L., & Vorhees, C. V. (2011) · Informa Healthcare eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781841848211.011 · Cited by 6
The Impact of Social and Behavioral Factors on Reproducibility in Terrestrial Vertebrate Models
Whittaker, A. L., & Hickman, D. L. (2019) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar/ilaa005 · Cited by 6
Understanding Barrier Mechanisms In the Developing Brain To Aid Therapy For the Dysfunctional Brain
Saunders, N. R., & Habgood, M. D. (2011) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl.10.84 · Cited by 6
Developmental Disturbances in Animal Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder
László, K., Bačová, Z., Zelena, D., & Bakoš, J. (2025) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.22977 · Cited by 6
Çetin, S., Uysal, S., Girgin, D., Alp, A., Kiliç, E., & Çıray, R. O. (2025) · Neuroglia · doi:10.3390/neuroglia6030034 · Cited by 4
“To examine whether CASP1 deficiency could disrupt normal brain function by impairing microglial pyroptosis, behavioral tests were performed on CASP1 − / − mice [193].”
Lead exposure and antisocial behavior: A systematic review of human and animal evidence
Shaffer, R. M., Carlson, L. M., Hester, K., Kim, H., Duffney, P. F., Forsyth, J. E., Ferraro, G. L., Till, C., Haddock, A., Strawbridge, J., et al. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109786 · Cited by 6
Ribeiro, F. T., de Serro-Azul, M. I. S., Lorena, F. B., do Nascimento, B. P. P., Arnold, A. J. T., Barbosa, G., Ribeiro, M. O., & Cysneiros, R. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.560423 · Cited by 5
“The social behavior apparatus was adapted by Crawley (2007) and Novaes et al. (2012).”
MethodFerreira, E. D. O., Gomes, J. M. P., Neves, K. R. T., Lima, F. A. V., Viana, G. S. D. B., & de Andrade, G. M. (2023) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000718 · Cited by 5
“Social approach tasks were performed according to Crawley (2007).”
MethodMartínez-Drudis, L., Bérard, M., Musiol, D., Rivest, S., & Oueslati, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39571 · Cited by 6
Transgenic Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10: Modeling a Repeat Expansion Disorder
McFarland, K. N., & Ashizawa, T. (2012) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes3030481 · Cited by 5
Chin, E. W. M., & Goh, E. L. K. (2019) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_34 · Cited by 5
Inta, D., Vogt, M. A., Lima‐Ojeda, J. M., Pfeiffer, N., Schneider, M., & Gass, P. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.020 · Cited by 5
“The sociability test in mice is an established method to measure abnormal social interaction that represents one of the behavioral hallmarks in autistic disorders and schizophrenia (Crawley, 2007; Lipska and Weinberger, 2000).”
Behavioral Screening for Toxicology and Safety Pharmacology
MOSER, V. C., & Kallman, M. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.02204-2 · Cited by 5
Runge, K., Mathieu, R., Bugeon, S., Lafi, S., Beurrier, C., Sahu, S., Schaller, F., Loubat, A., Hérault, L., Gaillard, S., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/296889 · Cited by 6
Camilleri, M. P. J., Bains, R. S., & Williams, C. K. I. (2024) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-024-02118-3 · Cited by 4
“However, mice are highly social creatures and isolating them affects their behaviour [18], as does handling (often requiring lengthy adjustment periods).”
BackgroundInfluentialAutism-like phenotype across the lifespan of Shank3B-mutant mice of both sexes
Szabó, J., Filo, J., Démuthová, R., Renczés, E., Borbélyová, V., Ostatníková, D., & Celec, P. (2025) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-025-09635-3 · Cited by 4
“To assess sociability, the Three-Chamber Social Inter-action test (SIT) was utilized [17, 60].”
Berg, E. L., & Silverman, J. L. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816393-1.00010-5 · Cited by 4
Castellano, G., Silva, J. B. D., & Pietropaolo, S. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110179 · Cited by 5
Genetische Analysen zur Identifizierung molekularer Mechanismen bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen
Chiocchetti, A. G., & Klauck, S. M. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a000096 · Cited by 4
Fabregat, M., Niño-Rivero, S., Pose, S., Cárdenas-Rodríguez, M., Smolen, C., Bresque, M., Hernández, K., Prieto-Echagüe, V., Schlapp, G., Crispo, M., et al. (2022) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009896 · Cited by 4
“Parameters of social behaviors measured were anogenital sniffing, nose-nose sniffing, side sniffing, self-grooming, and rearing [88,89].”
BackgroundLiu, B., Qian, Y., & Wang, J. (2023) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-023-00787-3 · Cited by 5
“First, is the use of social behavior models where physical contact between individuals is prevented, such as the three-chamber social test [8–10].”
BackgroundRoberts, T. P. L., Gandal, M. J., Siegel, S. J., Rodrigues, P. V., & Welsh, J. P. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511980053.017 · Cited by 5
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Schneider, T., & Przewo̵cki, R. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20391 · Cited by 2
“Tasks that could examine these behavioural symptoms in rodents have been already developed (for reviews see Crawley, 2004; Crawley, 2007) and are summarized in Table 1.”
BackgroundEngrailed 2 deficiency and chronic stress alter avoidance and motivation behaviors
Phan, M. L., Liu, T. T., Vollbrecht, M. S., Mansour, M. H., Nikodijevic, I., Jadav, N., Patibanda, N., Dang, J., Shekaran, G., Reisler, R. C., et al. (2021) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113466 · Cited by 3
Behavioral Testing Design for Evaluation of Cognitive Disabilities
Riet, F., Mittelhaeuser, C., Lux, A., Bour, R., Selloum, M., Sorg, T., Hérault, Y., & Méziane, H. (2022) · Current Protocols · doi:10.1002/cpz1.382 · Cited by 3
“This test was developed as an assay to improve understanding of the mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD; Crawley, 2007), a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis (Chen, Penagarikano, Belgard, Swarup, & Geschwind, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodReinforced behavioral variability in the valproate rat model of autism spectrum disorder
Galizio, A., & Odum, A. L. (2022) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.760 · Cited by 4
Hypothalamic TrkB.FL overexpression improves metabolic outcomes in the BTBR mouse model of autism
Anderson, J. M., Boardman, A. A., Bates, R., Zou, X., Huang, W., & Cao, L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282566 · Cited by 3
“This behavior could be analogous to social behavior in humans with ASD, where they may prefer to spend time with familiar people over new people or they approach strangers indiscriminately [29–31].”
Wahl, L. F., Karim, A., Hassett, A. R., van der Doe, M., Dijkhuizen, S., & Badura, A. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100366 · Cited by 3
“Over the years, several behavioral paradigms have been developed, which have been commonly used to assess core autism de fi cits (18).”
Ruiz‐Sobremazas, D., Coca, M. R., Morales‐Navas, M., Rodulfo-Cárdenas, R., López-Granero, C., Colomina, M. T., Pérez-Fernández, C., & Sánchez-Santed, F. (2025) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2025.04.007 · Cited by 4
Avgustinovich, D. F., Vishnivetskaya, G. B., & Koryakina, L. A. (2010) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-010-0875-6 · Cited by 3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for the Study of Mouse Models of Autism
Ellegood, J. (2012) · Autism - Open Access · doi:10.4172/2165-7890.s1-008 · Cited by 3
“While it may follow that autism in the mouse should be equivalently behaviourally diagnosed, how to determine a communication or a social deficit in the mouse? Jacqueline Crawley’s lab has pioneered behavioural testing in the mouse to help define autistic behaviour [58-60], and in fact there have been a few behavioura…”
Sound Production in the Isolated Mouse Larynx
Berquist, S. W. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 3
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Bioquímica)
Vieira, D. B. (2008) · Cited by 3
Mouse Model Systems of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Replicability and Informatics SignaturePreprint
Kabitzke, P., Morales, D. V., He, D., Cox, K., Sutphen, J. C., Thiede, L., Sabath, E. V., Hanania, T., Biemans, B., & Brunner, D. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/561233 · Cited by 3
Friesen, C. N., Hartswick, D., Selke, A., Vries, G. J. D., & Petrulis, A. (2025) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105792 · Cited by 3
Arake, M., Ohta, H., Nozawa, T., Satoh, Y., Fujita, M., Nakata, T., Meredith, A. L., Shinomiya, N., Ishizuka, T., & Morimoto, Y. (2024) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115015 · Cited by 2
Varga, A., Kedves, R., Sághy, K., Garab, D., Zádor, F., Lendvai, B., Lévay, G. I., & Román, V. (2024) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph17070939 · Cited by 2
“The three-chamber assay is a conventional method for assessing autistic-like behaviors in mice and rats [50,51].”
MethodStrategies for Assessing Autistic-Like Behaviors in Mice
Huang, Z., Wiebe, S. A., Marsal-García, L., Gantois, I., & Sonenberg, N. (2024) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/66846 · Cited by 2
Xue, R., Liu, K., Hu, X., Ma, X., Li, S., Deng, Z., Zhong, K., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Liu, S., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.02.010 · Cited by 2
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“RTT mouse models are therefore expected to be enormously beneficial for determining the functional outcome and the effects on organic and cellular functions of gene mutations and can have translational value in offering preclinical surrogate markers to evaluate treatment efficacy (Crawley, 2007).”
BackgroundCharacteristics of the Behavioral Phenotype of BALB/C Mice
Капица, И. Г., Иванова, Е. А., Воронина, Т. А., & Середенин, С. Б. (2020) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-020-01043-5 · Cited by 2
Sandoval, K. C., Thackray, S. E., Wong, A., Niewinski, N. E., Chipak, C., Rehal, S., & Dyck, R. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.769322 · Cited by 2
“…recognition), repetitive behavior (marble burying test, self-grooming), and sensory stimuli sensitivity [prepulse inhibition (PPI), latent inhibition] (Meyer et al., 2005; Crawley, 2007; Smith et al., 2007; Malkova et al., 2012; Ratnayake et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2017; Mueller et al., 2021).”
BackgroundPreclinical Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Assimopoulos, S., Beauchamp, A., & Lerch, J. P. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20792-1_19 · Cited by 2
Karakaş, L., Solmaz, V., Bağcıoğlu, E., Özkul, B., Söğüt, İ., Uyanıkgil, Y., & Erbaş, O. (2023) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1286838 · Cited by 2
“35 We observed that the autism animal model created in this study met this criterion.”
ResultBehavioral Screening for Toxicology
MOSER, V. C. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.01320-8 · Cited by 2
The development of animal models for autism: A gene-environment approach
Ranger, P. (2016) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17019029.v1 · Cited by 2
Disrupted functional connectome in a rodent model of autism during social isolation
Kemecsei, R., Dániel-Papp, S., Balázs, D., Tewelde, E. G., Csillag, A., & Zachár, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2025.1525130 · Cited by 1
“Since autism and its animal models are defined by diminished sociability (Crawley, 2007; Kim et al., 2011; Di et al., 2022), it is likely that autistic mice perceive and react to isolation differently than control mice, similarly to humans.”
Chen, X., Zhang, X., Jin, F., & Zhang, C. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106527 · Cited by 1
Vega, M. C., Chong, S., & Burne, T. H. J. (2018) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.018 · Cited by 1
“At 21 days of age, litters from all four experimental groups (n>8/ Group/Sex) underwent a sociability test, adapted from [49].”
Odamah, K. E., & Man, H. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03537-7 · Cited by 1
A Behavioral Comparison of Four Inbred Strains of Mice
Wood, E. (2010) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/4es8-hr63 · Cited by 1
Gao, Y., Ma, L., Gao, F., Sun, Z., Zhang, Z.-R., Li, Y., & Li, R.-N. (2021) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/2021/5346507 · Cited by 2
Kirsten, T. B. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2012.tde-25072013-142030 · Cited by 1
Automated behavioral phenotyping of inbred mouse strains and mouse models of Alzheimer disease
Codita, A. (2011) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Environmental Enrichment Improves Sociability in BTBR Mice, a Rodent Model for Autism
Diamond, B. A. (2019) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 1
Modelling collective behavior in groups of mice housed under semi-naturalistic conditionsPreprint
Chen, X., Winiarski, M. J., Puścian, A., Knapska, E., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94999.1 · Cited by 1
Competitive Olivocerebellar Input Selection Promotes Resilient Circuit FormationPreprint
Coello, J. A., Crane, K., Lyon, A. M., Walls, A. E., Pickeral, P. A., Fernandez, J. R., Dao, B. L., Bongiovanni, E. A., Fitzgerald, A. L., & van der Heijden, M. E. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.16.732615 · Cited by 1
Genetic Modeling and Neurobehavioral Disorders: Focus on Autism
DeFilippis, B., Romano, E., & Laviola, G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4788-7_104
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF A NOVEL MOUSE MODEL OF TSC-ASSOCIATED AUTISM
Reith, R. M. (2012) · Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center)
Neurodevelopmental Toxicology and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Berman, R. F., Koenig, C. M., Hunsaker, M. R., Pessah, I. N., & LaSalle, J. M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470917060.ch21
Anxiety as a Factor in the Development of Autistic Spectrum Symptoms: an Experimental StudyPreprint
Kovalenko, I. L., & Kudryavtseva, N. N. (2010) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1005.0228
Advances in Autism Research – The Genomic Basis of ASD
Lacaria, M., & James, R. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/53689
“Importantly, behavioral assays have been developed and validated to objectively quantify the phenotypes relative to autism, including both core and associated autistic-like phenotypes, such as abnormal social behavior, communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors, as well as autism-associated anxiety-like behavior…”
Burne, T. H. J., Eyles, D. W., & McGrath, J. J. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08004251
Social modulation and communication of pain in the laboratory mouse
Langford, D. J. (2010) · doi:10.82308/12349
Brain Fires in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Theoharides, T. C., & Stewart, J. M. (2016) · clinics in Mother and Child Health · doi:10.4172/2090-7214.1000226
“Current ASD research using mouse “models”, where genetically based mice with phenotypes resembling autism are studied [8,9], does not adequately reflect the extent of ASD, and other inflammatory diseases in humans [10].”
BackgroundSocial instability, hippocampal plasticity and resilience
Opendak, M. M. (2015)
Regulation of the Prickle1 and Prickle2 genes and their role in autism spectrum disorders
Paemka, L., Murray, J. C., Stipp, C. S., Slusarski, D. C., Bassuk, A. G., Cornell, R. A., & Comeron, J. (2014) · doi:10.17077/etd.vw8d78wt
“Altered Social Behavior A freely moving social-interaction assay measured sociability, a characteristic used to assess autistic-like behavior in mice (176, 177).”
BackgroundLam, E. (2012) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Experimental Models for Autism Spectrum Disorder Follow-Up for the Validity
Devi, U., Kumar, V., Gupta, P. S., Dubey, S., Singh, M., Gautam, S., Rawat, J. K., Roy, S., Yadav, R. K., Ansari, M. N., et al. (2016) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-016-0088-7
Behavioral Analysis and Rescue of a Novel Cerebellar Mouse Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Gambello, M. J. (2012) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada566012
Oderhowho, A. A., & Tejada-Simon, M. V. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Functions · doi:10.7243/2055-3447-2-10
“, open field, elevated plus maze) and from least to most strenuous to avoid potential impairments in performance throughout according to a battery of behavioral tests designed following the reference of previous expert laboratories [15,16].”
MethodUsing a mouse model to investigate male bias in autism spectrum disorder incidence.
Gordon, E. A. (2016) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/2608
“Although mice do not generally display ‘rough and tumble play,’ other measures to assess social reciprocity and play include nose-to-nose sniffing, anogenital sniffing, following, crawling over/under, and social grooming 36 (Crawley, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBehavioral Phenotyping in Genetic Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Translational Outlook
Scattoni, M. L., Michetti, C., Caruso, A., & Ricceri, L. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118540770.ch11
Ervin, K. S. J. (2013) · The Atrium (University of Guelph)
Schneider, T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27772-6_140-2
Oskvig, D. B. (2010) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)
Defective cell death of distinct microglial subsets contributes to ADHD-like behavior in micePreprint
Chuang, H., Nichols, E. K., Rauch, I., Chang, W.-C., Misra, R., Lin, P. M., Kitaoka, M., Vance, R. E., & Saijo, K. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/749390
Metadata
- Authors
- Crawley, J. N.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Crawley, Jacqueline N.
- Venue
- Brain Pathology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 448-459
- ISSN
- 1015-6305 (ISSN-L)
- 1750-3639
- PMC
- PMC8095652
- OpenAlex
- W2076566560
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 216
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Brain Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u54mh066418-05)
- U.S. Public Health Service (NICHD P30)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54-MH066418, MH66418)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, mouse models of autism, behavioral assays, social interaction, communication difficulties, repetitive behavior, insistence on sameness, reciprocal social interaction, vocalizations, olfactory cues, grooming, anxiety, seizures, sleep disorders, sensory hypersensitivity, phenotyping, inbred mouse strains, environmental toxins
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autistic Disorder, Behavior, Animal, Biological Assay, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice, Transgenic, Phenotype, Social Behavior Disorders, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Mice
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