The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Persistent Problem of Colorism: Skin Tone, Status, and Inequality
Abstract
Abstract Colorism is a persistent problem for people of color in the USA. Colorism, or skin color stratification, is a process that privileges light‐skinned people of color over dark in areas such as income, education, housing, and the marriage market. This essay describes the experiences of African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans with regard to skin color. Research demonstrates that light‐skinned people have clear advantages in these areas, even when controlling for other background variables. However, dark‐skinned people of color are typically regarded as more ethnically authentic or legitimate than light‐skinned people. Colorism is directly related to the larger system of racism in the USA and around the world. The color complex is also exported around the globe, in part through US media images, and helps to sustain the multibillion‐dollar skin bleaching and cosmetic surgery industries.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“When colourism is experienced from a different racialised group, it can intensify experiences of racism, such that those with darker skin are more likely to experience racialised discrimination (Brown et al., 2023; Hunter, 2007).”
From Skin shade and relationships: how colourism pits Black and mixed Black-White women against each other (2024) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“As a racialised and gendered phenomenon, colourism can affect people differently according to their ethnicity and gender (Hunter, 2007; Dixon and Telles, 2017).”
From Skin shade and relationships: how colourism pits Black and mixed Black-White women against each other (2024) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“Among the many sinister collateral effects of the widespread belief in the superiority of whiteness has been the development and continued prominence of colorism in many countries and among many different peoples.”
From Skin color and race (2021) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“The belief that, within any nonwhite, non‐European group a person with light colored skin is preferred to one with darker skin is common (Dixon & Telles, 2017; Hall, 1998; Hunter, 2007, 2013; Jablonski, 2012b; Norwood & Foreman, 2014; Russell et al., 1992).”
From Skin color and race (2021) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“People with light skin ' earn more money, complete more years of schooling, live in better neighborhoods, and marry higher-status people than darker-skinned people of the same race or ethnicity ' (Hunter, 2007:237).”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007:237
In the citing paper
“The status that women derive from being deemed beautiful can lead to advantages in education and the job and marriage markets (Hunter, 2007).”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“In countries that were colonised by Europeans, light skin shades are privileged as a result of the legacy of colonialism, when white skin and associated features were accorded high status and dominance (Hunter, 2007; Glen, 2008).”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“Colourism will endure ' as long as the structure of white racism remains intact ' (Hunter, 2007:250) and multinational corporations continue to make an enormous profit from exploiting it.”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007:250
In the citing paper
“an operation that accounts for South Korea being the country with the highest proportion of its population having undergone cosmetic surgery (Hunter, 2007).”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“Hunter (2007: 248) argues that cosmetic changes to achieve lighter skin and white European features are rational given that they are likely to result in ' better opportunities in a competitive global marketplace ' .”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007:248
In the citing paper
“She suggests that light skin signified affluence in India (as in other countries -Hunter, 2007), in contrast to the darker skin of the poor or working classes, which resulted from labouring outside.”
From Colourism and the Politics of Beauty (2014) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“In regions colonized by Europeans, perceptions of light and dark have also come to take on racialized connotations (Hunter, 2007(Hunter, , 2013;;Keith & Monroe, 2016;Dixon & Telles, 2017).”
From Of Rarity and Symbolism: Understanding Human Perceptions of Charismatic Color Morphs (2024) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
In the citing paper
“In the United States, where systemic racism abounds, the perception of people with darker versus lighter skin may also influence the ways in which people view wildlife with darker or lighter pelages (Hunter, 2007;Pellow, 2016;Keith & Monroe, 2016).”
From Of Rarity and Symbolism: Understanding Human Perceptions of Charismatic Color Morphs (2024) · cites this paper as Hunter, 2007
Citations
Cites
Fanon, F. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-46 · Cited by 6,322
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033731 · Cited by 3,865
Keeping Track: How Schools Structure Inequality.
Oromaner, M. J., & Oakes, J. (1986) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070941 · Cited by 3,425
Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination.
Fishkin, S. F., & Morrison, T. (1993) · Journal of American History · doi:10.2307/2079882 · Cited by 3,069
The Colonizer and the Colonized
Memmi, A. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315065670 · Cited by 1,846
The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women
Wolf, N. (1990) · Vintage Books · Cited by 1,596
The beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3031 · Cited by 1,257
Racial Formation in the United States
Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429499821-49 · Cited by 1,097
Playing in the dark: whiteness and the literary imagination
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-0768 · Cited by 1,005
The Colonizer and the Colonized:
Helle, L. J. (2018) · Aarhus University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctv62hhf8.11 · Cited by 945
Research works printed but not linked: 15
- Allen Walter, 2000, ‘Skin Color, Income, and Education: A Comparison of African Americans and Mexican Americans.’, National Journal of Sociology, 12, 129
- Brown Michael, 2003, White‐Washing Race: The Myth of the Colorblind Society
- Choy Catherine, 2005, Pinay Power: Peminist Critical Theory, 81
- Davis Kathy, 1995, Reshaping the Female Body
- Drake St. Clair, 1987, Black Folk Here and There, Volume One
- Ernst Klaus, 1980, Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism
- Feagin Joe R., 2001, White Racism: The Basics
- Frazier E. Franklin, 1957, Black Bourgeoisie
- Freedman Rita, 1986, Beauty Bound
- Jordan Winthrop, 1968, White Over Black
- Lopez David, 1982, Language Maintenance and Shift in the U.S. Today: The Basic Patterns and Their Implications
- Montalvo F., 1987, Skin Color and Latinos: The Origins and Contemporary Patterns of Ethnoracial Ambiguity Among Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans
- Morgan Kathryn Pauly, 1998, The Politics of Women's Bodies: Sexuality, Appearance, and Behavior, 147
- Rondilla Joanne, 2007, Is Lighter Better?
- Smedley Audrey, 2007, Race in North America
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 761
Stockstill, C., & Carson, G. (2021) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1900584 · Cited by 18
Colorism in the Indian subcontinent—insights through situated affectivity
Bajwa, M. J., von Maur, I., & Stephan, A. (2023) · Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11097-023-09901-6 · Cited by 22
Beyond black and white: Color and mortality in post-reconstruction era North Carolina
Green, T., & Hamilton, T. G. (2012) · Explorations in Economic History · doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2012.06.002 · Cited by 14
Understanding the impact of QPOC representation in video games
Smith, R. D., & Decker, A. (2016) · Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) · doi:10.1109/respect.2016.7836164 · Cited by 14
Oh, H. Y., Jacob, L., Anglin, D. M., & Koyanagi, A. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.033 · Cited by 15
The Sociolinguistics of Ethnicity in New York City
Becker, K., & Coggshall, E. L. (2009) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1749-818x.2009.00138.x · Cited by 14
Phenotyping and Adolescence-to-Adulthood Transitions Among Latinos
Ryabov, I., & Goza, F. (2014) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-014-9132-3 · Cited by 14
Ethnoracial Gap in Clinical Practice with Latinos
Montalvo, F. F. (2009) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-009-0241-1 · Cited by 14
Marotta, V. (2020) · The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology · doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1616 · Cited by 14
Vallejo, J. A., & Vasquez, J. M. (2024) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-030222-033237 · Cited by 13
Aikins, M., Willems, Y. E., Fraemke, D., Mitchell, C. M., Goosby, B. J., & Raffington, L. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03010-3 · Cited by 17
Walsh, K. T., Boring, B. L., Nanavaty, N., Guzman, H., & Mathur, V. A. (2022) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2022.06.004 · Cited by 13
Investigating Customer Racial Discrimination in the Secondary Baseball Card Market*
Primm, E., Piquero, N. L., Piquero, A. R., & Regoli, R. M. (2011) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/j.1475-682x.2010.00360.x · Cited by 13
Acculturative Stress and Adjustment Experiences of Greek International Students
Poulakis, M., Dike, C. A., Kumar, E., & Elsasser, B. S. (2010) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.1037/e631582010-001 · Cited by 13
Frisby, C. M. (2019) · Advances in Journalism and Communication · doi:10.4236/ajc.2019.72003 · Cited by 13
Hussain, B., Aslam, S., & Imran, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105734 · Cited by 12
Writing Partners: Service Learning as a Route to Authority for Basic Writers
Gabor, C. (2009) · Journal of Basic Writing · doi:10.37514/jbw-j.2009.28.1.04 · Cited by 12
“They Say We’re Violent”: The Multidimensionality of Race in Perceptions of Police Brutality and BLM
Yadon, N. D. (2022) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592722001013 · Cited by 13
Racial preferences in dating apps: an experimental approach
Aldana, A. A., & Salazar, L. (2024) · The History of the Family · doi:10.1080/1081602x.2024.2352547 · Cited by 12
Politics beyond Black and White: Biracial Identity and Attitudes in America
Davenport, L. D. (2018) · Cited by 12
Being white is a full time job? Explaining skin tone gradients in income in Mexico
Reeskens, T., & Aguilar, R. V. (2020) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2020.1775071 · Cited by 14
Computing colorism: skin tone in online retail imagery
Butkowski, C. P., Humphreys, L., & Mall, U. (2022) · Visual Communication · doi:10.1177/14703572221077444 · Cited by 15
Pyne, J., & Musto, M. (2022) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soac095 · Cited by 14
“Come back home, sista!”: reactions to Black women in interracial relationships with white men
Gonlin, V. (2023) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2023.2172353 · Cited by 12
Thappa, D. M., & Munisamy, M. (2014) · Pigment International · doi:10.4103/2349-5847.135419 · Cited by 12
Kunst, J. R., & Phillibert, E. N. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209084 · Cited by 12
The inclusion of the term ‘color’ in any racial label is racist, is it not?
Kalunta‐Crumpton, A. (2019) · Ethnicities · doi:10.1177/1468796819884675 · Cited by 18
Race, Multiraciality, Income, and Infant Mortality: Markers of Racial Equity
Kothari, C., Corbit, K., Presberry, J., Bautista, T., O’Rourke, B., & Lenz, D. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02246-9 · Cited by 14
Race and Color: Revisiting Perspectives in Black Education
Monroe, C. R. (2015) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2016.1116876 · Cited by 12
Petersen, A. M. (2016) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/2153368716663607 · Cited by 13
Build-a-face: homogeneity, racialisation and Eurocentric beautification in Instagram AR face filters
Miller, L. A. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2536157 · Cited by 11
The Radical Imagination of Black Women
Dowe, P. K. F. (2023) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197650790.001.0001 · Cited by 14
Hargrove, T. W. (2023) · Social Forces · doi:10.1093/sf/soad126 · Cited by 11
Microbial Analysis of Selected Brands of Whitening Creams
Aleem, A., Khan, M., Abid, U., Ishfaq, M. F., Rouf, A., & Jamshaid, T. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.36348/sjmps.2020.v06i02.006 · Cited by 11
Skin Color and Skin Tone Diversity in Human Sexuality Textbook Anatomical Diagrams
Gonzalez, Y. R. R., Williams, D. M., & Herbenick, D. (2021) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2021.1989533 · Cited by 11
Harris, K. L. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12715 · Cited by 11
Back to race, not beyond race: multiraciality and racial identity in the United States and Brazil
Mitchell, J. (2022) · Comparative Migration Studies · doi:10.1186/s40878-022-00294-0 · Cited by 14
School ethnic-racial socialization and critical action among Black youth
Kubi, G., Byrd, C. M., & Diemer, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.924930 · Cited by 10
The Bleaching Syndrome: The Role of Educational Intervention
Hall, R. E. (2015) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2016.1116877 · Cited by 11
Scott, J. C., McDermott, E. R., Harris, A. N., Johnson, K. G., Pinderhughes, E. E., & Spencer, M. B. (2021) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/josi.12480 · Cited by 11
Under the skin of probation: A statewide analysis
Steinmetz, K. F., & Koeppel, M. D. H. (2017) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2017.1310686 · Cited by 11
Luthra, R. R., Soehl, T., & Waldinger, R. D. (2018) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/0197918318781837 · Cited by 11
The Derogatory Representations of the Skin Bleaching Products Sold in HarlemPreprint
Charles, C. A. D. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 11
Of Rarity and Symbolism: Understanding Human Perceptions of Charismatic Color Morphs
Williams, T. D., Kreling, S. E. S., Stanton, L. A., Wilkinson, C. E., Estien, C. O., Schell, C. J., & Carlen, E. J. (2024) · Human Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10745-024-00492-7 · Cited by 10
Building a workforce of diverse women leaders: Understanding intersectional identities
Fleming, E., Alkhubaizi, Q., Cunha‐Cruz, J., & Dariotis, W. M. (2024) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.13480 · Cited by 13
Thompson, E. L., Gonzalez, M. R., Scardamalia, K. M., Pham, A. V., Adams, A. R., González, A. M. A., Rizzo, G. V., Lehman, S. M., Kaiver, C. M., Hawes, S. W., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2024.10.017 · Cited by 13
Race, Colorism, Body Size, Body Position, and Sexiness
Reddy-Best, K. L., Choi, E., & Park, H. (2018) · Clothing and Textiles Research Journal · doi:10.1177/0887302x18779140 · Cited by 14
Chen, H.-Y., & Jablonski, N. G. (2021) · American Journal of Cultural Sociology · doi:10.1057/s41290-020-00124-9 · Cited by 11
Embodied Signs of Elite Distinction:Franco-Mauritians’ White Skin-Colour in the Face of Change
Salverda, T. (2011) · Comparative Sociology · doi:10.1163/156913311x590628 · Cited by 10
Should We Genetically Select for the Beauty Norm of Fair Skin?
Marway, H. K. (2017) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-017-0341-y · Cited by 10
Personal-Level and Group-Level Discrimination and Mental Health: the Role of Skin Color
Fattore, G. L., Amorim, L. D. A. F., dos Santos, L. M., dos Santos, D. N., & Barreto, M. L. (2017) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-017-0451-0 · Cited by 10
The Effects of Skin Tone on the Perception of Discrimination in Young African American Women
Stamps, D., Stepanova, E. V., & Chi, J. (2022) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/922 · Cited by 10
Producing global China: The Great Wall and Hollywood’s cultivation of the PRC’s global vision
Kokas, A. (2019) · Journal of Chinese Cinemas · doi:10.1080/17508061.2019.1678485 · Cited by 10
Vásquez-Padilla, D. H., & Reyes, C. E. H. (2020) · Latin American Research Review · doi:10.25222/larr.170 · Cited by 10
Juror perceptions of the stereotypical violent crime defendant
Sorby, M. L., & Kehn, A. (2020) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1080/13218719.2020.1821827 · Cited by 13
Meeus, J., Mayor, J. P., González, R., Brown, R. J., & Manzi, J. M. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2247 · Cited by 13
Brown, A. M., Landor, A. M., & Zeiders, K. H. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231170900 · Cited by 9
Racial Microaggressions and Coping Mechanisms Among Latina/o College Students
Ayala, M. I., & Young, D. C. (2021) · Sociological Forum · doi:10.1111/socf.12785 · Cited by 14
Meek, D. (2022) · Agriculture and Human Values · doi:10.1007/s10460-021-10287-x · Cited by 10
Electoral colorism: Candidate skin color and list placement in Ecuador
Janusz, A., Jarrin, A., Faerman, T., & Bravo, K. (2022) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2022.102555 · Cited by 10
Centeno, B., Bayazitli, I., Purnell, S., Bravo, D. Y., & Mello, Z. R. (2023) · Research in Human Development · doi:10.1080/15427609.2023.2271363 · Cited by 13
Le, T. P., & Ahn, L. H. (2024) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-024-01450-9 · Cited by 10
Cunha, R. D. O., Correia, P., Nogueira, M. C., & Leite, I. C. G. (2025) · Ciência & Saúde Coletiva · doi:10.1590/1413-81232025309.07662023 · Cited by 9
“Tú, como eres negra, harás de lobo”. El debate pendiente sobre la cuestión de la raza en España.
Rodríguez‐García, D., Jordana, T. H., & Reche, C. R. (2021) · Perifèria Revista d investigació i formació en Antropologia · doi:10.5565/rev/periferia.833 · Cited by 9
Valentino, L., & Yadon, N. D. (2022) · Social Currents · doi:10.1177/23294965221139845 · Cited by 13
Bakir, S. M. A. (2017) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v10n3p183 · Cited by 9
Mena, J. A., Soto, J. A., Wei, W., Kaplan, S. E., & Salazar, S. N. (2020) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-020-09284-2 · Cited by 9
Crutchfield, J. M., Hall, J. C., Ortega‐Williams, A., & Webb, S. L. (2020) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/0021934720935849 · Cited by 15
Hispanic Self-identification and Birth Weight Outcomes among U.S.- and Foreign-born Blacks
Green, T. (2014) · The Review of Black Political Economy · doi:10.1007/s12114-014-9186-x · Cited by 9
Performing Post-feminist Wealth: The Intersectional Aesthetics of Irene Major’s Instagram Profile
Iqani, M. (2018) · Australian Feminist Studies · doi:10.1080/08164649.2018.1517246 · Cited by 9
Algorithmic Behavioral Science: Machine Learning as a Tool for Scientific DiscoveryPreprint
Ludwig, J., & Mullainathan, S. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4164272 · Cited by 12
Bowers, J. M., Hamilton, J. G., Wu, Y. P., Moyer, A., & Hay, J. L. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-09993-x · Cited by 8
Newton, V. A., Arrington, K., & Jackson, M. I. (2024) · Race Ethnicity and Education · doi:10.1080/13613324.2024.2349870 · Cited by 9
Latinx COVID-19 outcomes: Expanding the role of representative bureaucracy
Medina, P. S., & Azevedo, L. (2021) · Administrative Theory & Praxis · doi:10.1080/10841806.2021.1910411 · Cited by 8
What is a Descriptive Representative?
Lemi, D. C. (2022) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s104909652100158x · Cited by 8
Iqani, M. (2022) · Cultural Politics an International Journal · doi:10.1215/17432197-9516954 · Cited by 8
The role of ethnic enclaves in Arab American Muslim adolescent perceived discrimination
Balaghi, D. (2022) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2653 · Cited by 9
McGovern, J. (2016) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12152 · Cited by 8
Shivakumar, S., & Jafferany, M. (2020) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/dth.14091 · Cited by 9
Johnson, J. D., Ashburn‐Nardo, L., & Lecci, L. B. (2012) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798412469229 · Cited by 8
Cummings, M. C. (2009) · Journal of Basic Writing · doi:10.37514/jbw-j.2009.28.1.05 · Cited by 8
Subjective social status and neural processing of race in Mexican American adolescents
Muscatell, K. A., McCormick, E. M., & Telzer, E. H. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000949 · Cited by 9
Finding Comfort in the Discomfort of Being Multiracial: Lessons from my Schooling
Ginsberg, R. (2017) · Multicultural Perspectives · doi:10.1080/15210960.2017.1301097 · Cited by 8
The Effect of National Origin and Skin Color on Playing Time in the WNBA
Agha, N., Berri, D. J., Bhat, A., & Gilder, J. V. (2024) · Journal of Sports Economics · doi:10.1177/15270025241260030 · Cited by 8
Talbert, R. D., & Matos, D. (2024) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492241293652 · Cited by 8
Chen, H.-Y., Jablonski, N. G., Chick, G., & Yarnal, C. (2022) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.08.001 · Cited by 10
Brown, A. M., Landor, A. M., Zeiders, K. H., & Sarsar, E. D. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2119587119 · Cited by 7
Wilson, A. R., & Leaper, C. (2022) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-022-09383-2 · Cited by 11
Cruz, M. M. D. L., Criss, S., Kim, M., Thai, N., Makres, K., Merchant, J. S., & Nguyen, T. T. X. (2024) · Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies · doi:10.29333/ejecs/1746 · Cited by 9
Skin tone ideologies, body shame, and sexual risk in Latinx young adults: The role of self-esteem
Teran, M., Stoto, I., Ahn, L. H., & Le, T. P. (2024) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101730 · Cited by 7
Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Immigrant East Asian Women Living in Sydney, Australia: A Pilot
Brock, K. E., Ke, L., & Koo, F. K. (2012) · Journal of Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2167-0943.1000103 · Cited by 6
Exploring the Model Minority: Deconstructing Whiteness Through the Asian American Example
Dennis, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97076-9_3 · Cited by 7
“Latino internacional, no güeros, no morenos”. Racismo colorista en la publicidad en México
Tipa, J. (2020) · Boletín de Antropología · doi:10.17533/udea.boan.v35n59a08 · Cited by 7
Tipa, J. (2020) · Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture · doi:10.16997/wpcc.379 · Cited by 7
Dowie‐Chin, T., Cowley, M., & Worlds, M. (2020) · International Journal of Multicultural Education · doi:10.18251/ijme.v22i2.2457 · Cited by 10
Oh, H. Y., & Nicholson, H. L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.023 · Cited by 7
A content analysis: Consider mindfulness in response to colorist biases
Ransom, N., Williams, M. A., Keyes, L., & Hall, R. E. (2021) · Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment · doi:10.1080/10911359.2021.1968559 · Cited by 7
Disparities in Youth Arrest Across Racial and Ethnic Subgroups
Lehmann, P. S., & Meldrum, R. C. (2023) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/15412040231186337 · Cited by 7
Henningham, M. (2023) · Journal of Lesbian Studies · doi:10.1080/10894160.2023.2233339 · Cited by 8
Skarpelis, A. (2023) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/727562 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Hunter, M.
- Affiliations
- Mills College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hunter, Margaret
- ORCID
- Hunter, Margaret
- Venue
- Sociology Compass
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-07-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 237-254
- ISSN
- 1751-9020 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039378502
- Cited by
- 763
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 17.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sociology Compass (publishedVersion)
- Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Race, History, and American Society
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Keywords
- colorism, skin tone, racial inequality, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, marriage market, residential segregation, income inequality, educational inequality, ethnic authenticity, racism, media representation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
